Cyber Crime And Cyber Terrorism - 1801 Words

Cyber risks can be divided into the following groups (Marsh, 2013): 1. Physical loss of systems – Physical information technologies systems, i.e., computers, servers and other electronic equipment are required for the cyber activity. Consequently, it is very important to consider the risks related to the damage or loss of the physical electronic equipment. Risks can be for example, internal water damage in the office building damaging the computers and other equipment or fire in server room as a result of temperature change and other risks. 2. Cyber-crime and cyber terrorism – Cyber-crime is illegal actions taken by criminals for financial gain, which is done by the use of the internet and other electronic systems in order to illegally access or attack information and services used by business and citizens (CabinetOffice, 2011). Acts that are directed towards the influencing or defeating the particular government or state are called cyber terrorism. Businesses operating in areas that are linked to the government, for example communications, transport, health must be most concerned to cyber terrorism; as they are the biggest target for a cyber-terrorism attacks (Marsh, 2013). Cyber-crime cost of UK business and citizens is valued at  £27 billion annually. A considerable portion of this cost comes from the theft of intellectual property, which is estimated at  £9.2 billion. The main loser as a result of cyber-crime is UK business which cost is estimated at  £21 billion. MainShow MoreRelatedHow to Overcome Cyb er Terrorism and Cyber Crime2458 Words   |  10 PagesCERTAINTY OF CONTRACT There are two aspects to the issue of uncertainty. (1) The language used may be too vogue in which case, the court is likely to hold that there is no concluded agreement , the contract is void for uncertainty. (2) Failure to reach agreement on a vital or fundamental term of an agreement. SECTION 30 1. Agreements, the meaning of which is not uncertain, or capable of being made certain, are void. * If A agrees to sell to B ‘a hundred tons of oil’ , thereRead MoreCyber Security Is A Growing Concern For Governments Around The World1296 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Cooperation for Cyber Security Cyber Security is a growing concern for governments around the world. Cyber-attacks pose a direct threat to the security of the nations’ critical infrastructures and Information Technologies (IT) as a low-cost asymmetric warfare element. Most of these nations are aware of the vulnerability of the information technologies and the significance of protecting critical infrastructures. To counteract the threat of potentially disastrous cyber-attacks, nations’ policyRead MoreThe Patriot Act Title Vii Section 814 And 8161429 Words   |  6 PagesSection 814 and 816. These sections of the Patriot Act protects the citizens of The United States from the world’s newest form of terror; Cyber-Terrorism. The aim is to explain this law, its adequacies, and inadequacies in detail and to offer suggestions and solutions for its shortcomings. Commission of Cyber Terrorism In 2013, a man, investigators named the â€Å"Sexual Cyber Terrorist† extorted over 350 women by hacking into their email accounts and baiting them into giving him nude photos. If the women didRead MoreEssay about CyberCrime and Terrorism1088 Words   |  5 Pagesincrease in the amount of cyber crime committed. Technology is a constantly changing entity, constantly evolving, always progressing. Naturally this can make it hard to stay on top of things. In turn, law enforcement runs into various issues regarding cyber crime and cyber terrorism. Cyber crime and terrorism is so complex of a crime that it can be hard to break down the barriers that can lead to justifying the action. Major issues that are prominent in cyber crime and terrorism are that laws vary greatlyRead MoreThe Fbi Agents And The Criminal Law Of The United States1615 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, the amounts of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Agents have increased, due to the amount of crimes that have continued to rise. The FBI serves as the nation’s federal law enforcement and works to keep our country safe from dangers that we cannot deal with. The FBI agents have an impact on our nation because they defend us against counterfeiting, terrorist attacks and cyber-based attacks. The FBI is a treat-based and intelligence driven national security organization. There missionRead MorePublic Health And National Security1421 Words   |  6 Pagesepidemics, and potential environmental difficulties overlap with what is presently the most significant U.S. national security concern and that is the threat of international terrorism. The genuine threat of bioterrorism means that disease related concerns and environmental concerns overlap with potential threats involving terrorism. This concern is enhanced by the possibility that terrorist organizations may be able to obtain biologically dangerous materials, and use these for destructive purposes. ForRead MoreThe Four Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesthis writing assignment, I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. governm ent, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in combating computer crime. First, we will define the four major categories of computer crimes. -The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred toRead More Cyberterrorism Essays1633 Words   |  7 PagesCyberterrorism Introduction Cyberterrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyberspace. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored therein. Possibly to intimidate, influence a government or its people to further political or social gain. To qualify as cyberterrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property, or generate fear. Attacks that lead to death or bodilyRead MoreThe Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime Essay827 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding FBI, Department of Homeland Security, among others, have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism. The roles and responses of these law enforcement agencies concerning digital crime have created challenges that limit enforcement efforts against digital crime. The Department Of Justice has had to address evolving challenges such as mortgage fraud, corporate fraud, and cyber crime including online child pornography. As it seeks to balance and address competing and new prioritiesRead MoreAmerica And Its Homeland Security Online Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided by the states and federal government. These tasks get more difficult as new technology introduces itself. Cybersecurity is one of the most popular security sectors in today’s world. There is not only cyberbullying going on in the world. Terrorism can be planned and sent from person to person over the internet. People’s identities are being stole to help carry out these terrorist acts and this is just the being of it. The United States created the Department of Homeland Security as a result

Teacher, I Planted A Seed - 763 Words

Teacher Teacher, I planted a seed today. The teacher paused, sighed, and composed a response. His instinct was to reply with a rhetorical question, but since LitStudies’ retirement for â€Å"inflammatory potential,† he doubted the student would recognize the effort—but College might. The teacher simply keyed, Student, this comment would be better served in HistHortStudies. No, a strictly philosophical comment, Teacher. A seed needs fertile soil and nourishment, Student. And as he scrolled through his records, sure enough, he was conversing with Student35LOG. Funny, in the last twelve years, this particular student was the only one who elicited a curiosity from the teacher. Students were students, all conflated into one vacuous body of†¦show more content†¦Good. College wouldn’t be able to pick up on the tone and would log the corrected discourse between teacher and student. Correct, Student. That will be enough for today. The teacher remained at his station, ruminating on this particular student. The first time 35LOG had made his presence known was a few months earlier, in an unusual departure from â€Å"normal† lines of inquiry: Teacher, are you real? The question had given him pause. Another teacher was recently retired for using the â€Å"antiquated† rhetoric of Descartes, so he replied with a more sanitized, moderate response, stating, Student, reality is perception. I exist, therefore I am real. Let us get back to the topic at hand, shall we, of the unexamined life, the only worthy life to which to aspire. And just as he thought he had successfully diverted the student, he interjected: Teacher, the unexamined life is not worth living, at least according to Plato, to Socrates. . . . He remembered being shocked from his automatic discourses—official teachings from College-approved PHILO2. As he struggled to form an appropriate response, Student35LOG continued: Will I be made to drink my Hemlock, Teacher? I’ve heard it tastes like victory. And then College terminated the link. That was the last he’d heard from Student35LOG until now, talking about planting seeds, of all things. The teacher sighed and started to rise, but a blip appeared on his monitor. Teacher, are you

500 years later free essay sample

In my analysis of the film 500 Years Later, I will cover legacy, racism, identity, and education. I will also include how all of these things relate to the black male and female relationship outline by Hopson Hopson Friends, Lovers, Soul mates. In the beginning of the film it gives us our history of the free people. Gold in Africa was in abundant. The European traded with the Africans. It showed us that we were snatched from our African homes, violently severed from our families, and brought into this country in chains. Blacks sold blacks, African rulers became involved in trading and sailing of their own people. â€Å"The ordeals of our history linger in the collective memory and contribute to a sense of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and feelings of inferiority. (Hopson Hopson Pg 38 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) Until Lions tells their tale, the story of the hunt will always glorify the hunter African proverb Legacy, this segment discusses the lasting impression of inferiority that the legacy of slavery has left on the contemporary generation of people of African heritage around the world. In contrast to the holocaust, several scholars declare, blacks are discouraged by society to forget their slave heritage whereas Jewish communities are celebrated for keeping the memory of their persecution alive. Today white people try and brush the African heritage under the table, but we as black people have to learn our history in order to come out of the enslavement that we continue to practice. Starting with the image of God, the white people had us believe that God was white so we are conditioned to think white is superior to all. Verily never will God change the condition of a people until they change what is within their souls. (Ar-Ra’d 13:11 Qu’ran) We have to replace our negative images and thinking with positive ones. We have to become more conscious of who we are in this world and not accept white people’s ways as our own. We have to know our place in this society and how you got here in order to learn yourself worth and to begin to love and accept your culture as something that is good. We must confront and process our history so that it loses its power over our lives. Only then are we free to declare: â€Å"I am a beautiful Black person and there is nothing I cannot do. † When we have internalized this belief, we are ready to love ourselves and one another. (Hopson Hopson pg 39 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) Racism which persists in the under representation of blacks in positions of authority and the over representation of young black males in the U. S. prison population, makes you understand how society constantly attempts to ignore this elephant in the room. The whites created a behavior power system that encourages people to hate us before they even know us. Racism is alive today in every aspect of black’s life such as in employment, renting, or even establishing a business. We as blacks today subject ourselves to the white man ways, to keep us ignorant of our history. We are so blinded by them that we continue to put out negative images to continue the white man’s justification that we are savages and they are supreme to us. When Blacks internalize the irrational messages of racism, they feel a sense of worthlessness and powerlessness that creates low self-esteem, depression, and self-defeating behavior. â€Å"WE MUST CHANGE THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT RACISM† (Hopson Hopson pg 46-47 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) I am apt to suspect the Negroes to be naturally inferior to the whites. There scarcely ever was a civilized nation of the complexion. (500 years later film quote) Identity, is accepting that person in the mirror which says you are not white. Knowing our history and accepting the struggles that we as a people had to endure. The word enslavement was not part of the African language; no part of the African language was to dehumanize anyone. In the movie Sankofa it urges us to equip ourselves with our history and to change our way of thinking. To be the people we once were and not accept the European/American way as a guide to live by. We must seek our past in order to define our future. As you begin to understand and accept the wisdom of your inner voice, allow it to become your guide. Trust in yourself as a spiritual being, aware of the world around you, open to change, and able to grow. Refuse to become bogged down by negative patterns. Realized that you are an attentive and sentient human being traveling on the path toward your true self. The more you understand about yourself, and begin to like what you discover, the more prepared you will be to forge a soul-mate relationship. (Hopson Hopson pg 62 Friends, Lovers, Soul mate) Education, was not originally designed to help blacks although are history clearly show we were well educated people from our homeland. Education is something that we as a black culture will not take seriously. We as American Blacks are throwing away our power, which is to be educated. Only a fool would let his enemy educate his children. ( Malcolm X) The whites are betting on us, staying ignorant to our history and the accomplishments of our people before becoming enslaved to the Europeans. So many of our black people choose to idolize the wrong things such as becoming a singer, a ball player or even a gangster or drug dealer, instead of becoming lawyers, business owners, educators or even inventors. So many of us don’t want to give back to our own communities to help uplift and encourage growth among ourselves. To be educated is to be confident. To learn means to liberate yourself and know how to conduct yourself in the future. Education means to have a positive outlook on society. Educating yourself means changing behavior, learning self respect, and erasing old tapes, understanding you have no control over the past, and taking responsibility for yourself in the present. In conclusion, in reviewing the film, the main message that I took from this film is the importance of history in our society. Changing HIS-tory into OUR-story. Not being ashamed of our past or afraid to give a voice to our ancestors. Unlike many documentaries, 500 Years Later not only tells history, but gives fundamental advice to using our past to prosper for the future. The teachings of the book told me learning about my history is very important part of knowing who I am. You must learn to love yourself first and come to terms with your past in order to find a true mate of your own. Understanding and educating yourself on life events and knowing the struggles that our ancestor and your own struggles will strengthen you and make you a better partner for life. It will give you the courage to stand on principles and values, give you confidents and the ability to know what you will and will not accept in a mate. This knowledge is not to be kept to yourself, we are to educate our brothers and sisters who are willing to listen and learn. The tools we inherited from our ancestors that sustain us to this day are our inner strength, determination, spiritual, and kinship ties. Our ancestors demonstrated courage, determination, and a passionate commitment to family, the same characteristics soul mates strive for today. (Hopson Hopson pg 42 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) A commitment is a relationship between two people with the same kind of values in life, a willingness to overcome barriers and being sensitive to each other needs. I have never experience a true relationship in which I have had all of the above. Now that I understand what a commitment and Soul mate means I will not settle for anything less. The courage to experiment and take risks, the willingness to be patient, and the compassion to offer support and encouragement are the tools needed to achieve victory. (Hopson Hopson pg 118 Friends, Lovers, Soul mate)

venonous snakes Essay Example For Students

venonous snakes Essay It all started about five years ago when my brother had gotten me a job at the zoo. My whole life I had never really been interested in snakes, I had always thought that they were useless and served no interest to me what so ever. My entire life I had always had a love for animals and wanted to go to vet nary school so I could always be around animals, so Harold had given me a chance to become a zoo keeper. I worked at the Scotch Plains Zoo for three and a half years before it was closed down do to lack of money. While I had worked there I had become to love snakes and thought that were amazing creatures. This love grew to where I started taking in snakes that people didnt want as pets anymore so I would care for them. I started out with two constrictors one blood python and one red tailed boa. I still have both of these snake today the python is 7ft and ninety pounds and the boa is 5 feet and about fifty pounds. We will write a custom essay on venonous snakes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At first my parents were going to have a heart attack but they accept it now. While I was working at the zoo I applied to take the test for caring for exotic and endangered animals. It had taken forever to get my permits and even with them it is still hard to purchase a lot of animals. When I moved out of my house and got my own place I wanted to start a breeding program for venomous snakes for other zoos in the country. I dont sell my snakes to them I just donate them so other people can see and learn from them that they are not Satans creatures and are quite docile. The first snake that I had purchased was a horned pit viper (which had taken me about 5 months to get. I had to hand build all my enclosures due to the fact that each snake needs different humidity, light and enclosure space. As time gone by I had gotten two more breeding pairs one russels viper and one death adder. The two vipers have a high potency of venom but nothing like the death adder, plus the death adder has one nasty attitude problem. The death adder is the third most venous snake in the world and if it did bite me I would only have 10 minutes to inject myself wit the anti-venom or I would be dead, and even with the anti serum I would still be hospitalized for some time. At my house I keep all three pairs of snakes in the basement all in separate enclosures. I can only put the males and females together at mating season or they could fight(snakes can sometimes be cannibals). It is funny when my roommates come home even to this day they check every night that each snake is in its cage( I guess I cant blame them though ) but they have accepted it and are starting to get use to it. In the future I plan to get one more breeding pair I am just no sure which ones I want yet. Over the past year I have gotten calls from several zoos that asked if they could have the hatchlings. So far you can see my snakes at the Poconos game far, Bronx Zoo, LA zoo, Columbus Zoo, and The South Carolina Alligator Farm. I do what I do not for the purpose of having venomous snakes but to show others that you dont really have much to fear from snakes unless you provoke them. People like I was are afraid of something that they shouldnt be, a snake is not going to come and attack you but more of the less try to get away from you as fast as they can. I think that everyone that is afraid of snakes should hold one just one time to realize that there is really nothing to fear but I also do not mean to go out there and pick up a venomous snake that would be stupid, but to go out and conquer there fears.

Alfred Hitchcock - Profile of the Famous British Film Director

Alfred Hitchcock - Profile of the Famous British Film Director Known as the â€Å"Master of Suspense,† Alfred Hitchcock was one of the most famous film directors of the 20th century. He directed more than 50 feature-length films from the 1920s into the 1970s. Hitchcock’s image, seen during Hitchcock’s frequent cameos in his own films and before each episode of the hit TV show Alfred Hitchcock Presents, has become synonymous with suspense. Dates: August 13, 1899 – April 29, 1980 Also Known As: Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, Hitch, Master of Suspense, Sir Alfred Hitchcock Growing Up with a Fear of Authority Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on August 13, 1899, in Leytonstone in the East End of London. His parents were Emma Jane Hitchcock (neà © Whelan), who was known to be stubborn, and William Hitchcock, a grocer, who was known to be stern. Alfred had two older siblings: a brother, William (born 1890) and a sister, Eileen (born 1892). When Hitchcock was just five years old, his strict, Catholic father gave him quite a fright. Attempting to teach Hitchcock a valuable lesson, Hitchcock’s father sent him to the local police station with a note. Once the police officer on duty read the note, the officer locked young Hitchcock in a cell for several minutes. The effect was devastating. Although his father was trying to teach him a lesson about what happened to people who did bad things, the experience left Hitchcock shaken to the core. As a result, Hitchcock was forever fearful of the police. A bit of a loner, Hitchcock liked to draw and invent games on maps in his spare time. He attended St. Ignatius College boarding school where he stayed out of trouble, fearful of the strict Jesuits and their public canings of boys who misbehaved. Hitchcock learned draftsmanship at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar from 1913 to 1915. Hitchcock’s First Job After graduating, Hitchcock got his first job in 1915 as an estimator for W.T. Henley Telegraph Company, a manufacturer of electric cable. Bored by his job, he regularly attended the cinema by himself in the evenings, read the cinema trade papers, and took drawing classes at London University. Hitchcock gained confidence and began to show a dry, witty side at work. He drew caricatures of his colleagues and wrote short stories with twist endings, to which he signed the name â€Å"Hitch.† Henley’s Social Club magazine, The Henley, began publishing Hitchcock’s drawings and stories. As a result, Hitchcock was promoted to Henley’s advertising department, where he was much happier as a creative advertising illustrator. Hitchcock Gets Into Filmmaking In 1919, Hitchcock saw an ad in one of the cinema trade papers that a Hollywood company named Famous Players-Lasky (which later became Paramount) was building a studio in Islington, a neighborhood in Greater London. At the time, American filmmakers were considered superior to their British counterparts and thus Hitchcock was extremely excited about them opening up a studio locally. Hoping to impress those in charge of the new studio, Hitchcock discovered the subject of what was to be their first motion picture, bought the book it was based on, and read it. Hitchcock then drew up mock title cards (graphic cards inserted into silent movies to show dialogue or explain action). He took his title cards to the studio, only to find that they had decided to film a different movie. Undaunted, Hitchcock quickly read the new book, drew up new title cards, and again took them to the studio. Impressed by his graphics as well as his determination, Islington Studio hired him to moonlight as their title-card designer. Within a few months, the studio offered 20-year-old Hitchcock a full-time job. Hitchcock accepted the position and left his steady job at Henley to enter the unsteady world of filmmaking. With calm confidence and a desire to make movies, Hitchcock began to help out as a screenwriter, assistant director, and set designer. Here, Hitchcock met Alma Reville, who was in charge of film editing and continuity. When the director fell ill while filming the comedy, Always Tell Your Wife (1923), Hitchcock stepped in and finished the film. He was then offered the opportunity to direct Number Thirteen (never completed). Due to a lack of funds, the motion picture abruptly stopped filming after a few scenes were shot and the entire studio shut down. When Balcon-Saville-Freedman took over the studio, Hitchcock was one of just a few people asked to stay on. Hitchcock became the assistant director and screenwriter for Woman to Woman (1923). Hitchcock hired Alma Reville back for continuity and editing. The picture was a box-office success; however, the studio’s next picture, The White Shadow (1924), failed at the box-office and again the studio shut down. This time, Gainsborough Pictures took over the studio and Hitchcock was again asked to stay. Hitchcock Becomes a Director In 1924, Hitchcock was the assistant director for The Blackguard (1925), a film shot in Berlin. This was a co-production deal between Gainsborough Pictures and UFA Studios in Berlin. Not only did Hitchcock take advantage of the Germans’ extraordinary sets, but he also observed the German filmmakers using sophisticated camera pans, tilts, zooms, and tricks for forced perspective in set design. Known as German Expressionism, the Germans used dark, moody thought-provoking topics such as madness and betrayal rather than adventure, comedy, and romance. The German filmmakers were equally happy to learn an American technique from Hitchcock whereby scenery was painted onto the camera lens as a foreground. In 1925, Hitchcock got his directorial debut for The Pleasure Garden (1926), which was filmed in both Germany and Italy. Again Hitchcock chose Alma to work with him; this time as his assistant director for the silent film. During filming, a budding romance between Hitchcock and Alma began. The film itself is remembered for the myriad of troubles the crew ran into during filming, including having customs confiscate all of their unexposed film as they crossed the international border. Hitchcock Gets â€Å"Hitched† and Directs a Hit Hitchcock and Alma married on February 12, 1926; she would become his chief collaborator on all his films. Also in 1926, Hitchcock directed The Lodger, a suspense movie filmed in Britain about a â€Å"wrongly accused man.† Hitchcock had chosen the story, used fewer title cards than usual, and tossed in bits of humor. Due to a shortage of extras, he had made a cameo appearance in the film. The distributor didn’t like it and shelved it. Stunned, Hitchcock felt like a failure. He was so despondent that he even contemplated a career change. Luckily, the film was released a few months later by the distributor, who had been running short on films. The Lodger (1927) became a huge hit with the public. Britain’s Best Director in the 1930s The Hitchcocks became very busy with filmmaking. They lived in a country house (named Shamley Green) on the weekends and lived in a London flat during the week. In 1928, Alma delivered a baby girl, Patricia – the couple’s only child. Hitchcock’s next big hit was Blackmail (1929), the first British talkie (film with sound). During the 1930s, Hitchcock made picture after picture and invented the term â€Å"MacGuffin† to illustrate that the object the villains were after needed no explanation; it was just something used to drive the story. Hitchcock felt he didn’t need to bore the audience with details; it didn’t matter where the MacGuffin came from, just who was after it. The term is still used in contemporary filmmaking. Having made several box-office flops in the early 1930s, Hitchcock then made The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934). The film was a British and American success, as were his next five films: The 39 Steps (1935), Secret Agent (1936), Sabotage (1936), Young and Innocent (1937), and The Lady Vanishes (1938). The latter won the New York Critics’ Award for Best Film of 1938. Hitchcock caught the attention of David O. Selznick, an American film producer and owner of Selznick Studios in Hollywood. In 1939, Hitchcock, the number one British director at the time, accepted a contract from Selznick and moved his family to Hollywood. Hollywood Hitchcock While Alma and Patricia loved the weather in Southern California, Hitchcock was not fond of it. He continued to wear his dark English suits no matter how hot the weather. In the studio, he worked diligently on his first American film, Rebecca (1940), a psychological thriller. After the small budgets he had worked with in England, Hitchcock delighted in the large Hollywood resources he could use to build elaborate sets. Rebecca won the Oscar for Best Picture in 1940. Hitchcock was up for Best Director, but lost to John Ford for The Grapes of Wrath. Memorable Scenes Fearing suspense in real life (Hitchcock didn’t even like driving a car), he did enjoy capturing suspense on screen in memorable scenes, which often included monuments and famous landmarks. Hitchcock planned every shot for his motion pictures beforehand to such an extent that filming was said to be the boring part to him. Hitchcock took his audiences to the domed roof of the British Museum for a chase scene in Blackmail (1929), to the Statue of Liberty for a free fall in Saboteur (1942), to the streets of Monte Carlo for a wild drive in To Catch a Thief (1955), to the Royal Albert Hall for an assassination misfire in The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956),underneath the Golden Gate Bridge for a suicide attempt in Vertigo (1958), and to Mt. Rushmore for a chase scene in North by Northwest (1959). Other Hitchcock memorable scenes include a glowing poisoned glass of milk in Suspicion (1941), a man chased by a crop duster in North by Northwest (1959), a stabbing scene in the shower to shrieking violins in Psycho (1960), and killer birds gathering in a schoolyard in The Birds (1963). Hitchcock and Cool Blondes Hitchcock was known for engaging the audience with suspense, accusing the wrong man of something, and portraying a fear of authority. He also threw in comic relief, portrayed villains as charming, used unusual camera angles, and preferred classic blondes for his leading ladies. His leads (both male and female) portrayed poise, intelligence, underlying passion, and glamour. Hitchcock said audiences found classic blonde females to be innocent looking and an escape for the bored housewife. He didn’t think a woman should wash the dishes and go see a movie about a woman washing the dishes. Hitchcock’s leading ladies also had a cool, icy attitude for added suspense never warm and bubbly. Hitchcock’s leading ladies included Ingrid Bergman, Grace Kelly, Kim Novak, Eva Marie Saint, and Tippi Hedron. Hitchcock’s TV Show In 1955, Hitchcock started Shamley Productions, named after his country home back in England, and produced Alfred Hitchcock Presents, which turned into the Alfred Hitchcock Hour. This successful TV show aired from 1955 to 1965. The show was Hitchcock’s way of featuring mystery dramas written by various writers, mostly directed by directors other than himself. Before each episode, Hitchcock presented a monologue to set up the drama, beginning with â€Å"Good Evening.† He came back at the end of each episode to tie up any loose ends about the culprit being caught. Hitchcock’s popular horror movie, Psycho (1960), was filmed inexpensively by his Shamley Productions TV crew. In 1956, Hitchcock became a U.S. citizen, but remained a British subject. Awards, Knighthood, and Death of Hitchcock Despite being nominated five times for Best Director, Hitchcock never won the Oscar. While accepting the Irving Thalberg Memorial Award at the 1967 Oscars, he simply said, â€Å"Thank you.† In 1979, the American Film Institute presented Hitchcock with its Life Achievement Award at a ceremony at the Beverly Hilton Hotel. He joked that he must be about to die soon. In 1980, Queen Elizabeth II knighted Hitchcock. Three months later Sir Alfred Hitchcock died of kidney failure at the age of 80 in his home in Bel Air. His remains were cremated and scattered over the Pacific Ocean.

485 Forensic Law Midterm Exam

The most important fact that makes forensic evidence circumstantial is because science cannot be clearly defined by law. The legal system have created standards and written legal rules regarding the admissibility of forensic evidence. When forensic evidence that is presented in court is rarely unaccompanied by an expert witness to provide the court room with a professional explanation backing the reliability of the forensic process used to collect the relevant evidence. This is one the major obstacles in the modern courtroom. Expert witnesses are intended to provide the court with a detailed description of the forensic evidence being presented and how that evidence was analyzed through the use of forensic science. This makes an expert witness’s testimony a testimony to probability and circumstance, rather than actual fact. Consequently, the forensic evidence that is presented is ruled as circumstantial. The primary reason that science cannot be clearly defined by law is the rate of change and new theory that occurs regularly in science. There have been numerous cases where scientific evidence is found to be incorrect or inconclusive when it is admitted into evidence. This is a major concern for the courtroom as false convictions are detrimental to the integrity of the judicial system. Admissible forensic evidence is most always considered circumstantial so that there must be other forms of evidence to support the conclusion made from the forensic evidence to make a ruling. 2. Explain ways in which an opposing attorney can challenge an expert’s testimony in court. The primary goal of an attorney during cross examination is to destroy the credibility of a witness’s testimony. Expert witnesses are held to a different standard during trial and are considered professional witnesses as they speak on the behalf of a professional opinion and understanding of the information being presented; rather than the account or an experience. Regardless of who they witness is, it is important the Federal Rules of Evidence are upheld during cross examination. There are multiple rules against the presentation of past history of witness and attack of their personal character. That being said, an attorney may reference background and qualifications of an expert witness disprove the creditably of the witness as a professional in the field they are giving testimony to. An attorney may do this by researching the expert or the field that they practice and present them question that may cause they to refute their previous testimony or have no answer to a question. Causing an expert witness to look confused or untruthful on the stand shows the jury that jury that their testimony may not be credible or the judge has the authority to dismiss the witness completely. Another approach that is commonly executed during cross examination by an attorney is challenging of the validity and probativity of the expert witnesses testimony. Attorneys may focus on the limitations of the testimony and attempt to show the jury that the testimony is insignificant and inconclusive to show any benefit in proving or disproving any evidence or a fact at trial. An attorney may also challenge the purpose of the testimony. If the attorney can ask questions that show the testimony is insignificant and is not being used to prove or disprove evidence. Then the attorney may be able to have the judge dismiss the testimony. 3. Explain exactly what makes a witness an expert witness and provide an example of a specific forensic science expert witness. Also, explain what scientific expert opinion is and what is required before a court will allow this type of special testimony. An expert witness is considered an expert according to their credentials in the professional field that they are testifying in accordance with. Expert witnesses are used by attorneys to give professional opinion and explanation of information that the common individual would otherwise have no understanding of. Searching the web I discovered SEAK a website devoted to compiling information on expert witness. All of the expert witnesses listed on the site have been previously used in cases to provide testimony to specific evidence that is within the parameters of their expertise and professional credentials. Jill Kessler Miller is a great example of a specific expert witness. Jill resides in Southern California and is an expert in forensic science and dogs. She has testified in nine trials over the past four years. She has had over twenty-five years of experience with training dogs. She has a college degree in English and a graduate certification in Animal Policy Advocacy. The site also lists the multiple specific topics she gives testimony to. This is a great example of an expert witness because she lists are her professional credentials and specific fields that she will testify about in court. Dog bites and veterinary forensics are her direct links to forensic evidence. An expert witness’s expertise, training and special knowledge of a subject allows them to be give opinion is court. There is an exception to the rule against witnesses presenting anything but fact. Regardless, an expert witness’s opinion must be unbiased and bases solely on their special knowledge, train, and expertise in the field. The opposing attorney also has the right to confrontation to this opinion. 4. Explain in general how forensic evidence and analysis of this evidence can aid investigators in determining what took place at a crime scene. How would this information be helpful to an investigation? There are multiple different disciplines of forensic evidence and each different of discipline of forensic evidence can assist investigators to analysis specific evidence to identify its significance in the investigation. When a crime occurs an investigator arrive at the scene of the crime there first set it collect and document all the evidence found at the scene of the crime that looks like it make be out of place or help draw connections to the culprits of the crime. If hair, fibers, fingerprints, tire tracks, bite marks, etc. are found at a crime scene those materials or makes are correct and examined through the use of forensic evidence. The goal of forensic evidence is to analysis the materials collected and draw connections through science to link specific individuals or objects to the crime scene by matching the scientific components. This information is helpful to an investigator because it can provide time estimates of when the crime occurred, if the crime occurred at the location, who may be involved, what may have been used to commit the crime, etc. , but overall what caused the crime to occur. 5. Identify ten separate areas of forensic science that would commonly be utilized at a crime scene investigation and give a brief explanation of each. Hair analysis is the examination of human or animal hair. Forensic science is able to distinguish the difference between the two. Depending on the sample and if the follicle is still attached, science can recover DNA from the hair. Difference can also be made between what area of the body hair originated from. Fiber analysis is the examination of man-made fibers. Forensic science is able to identify through different processes the origination object a fiber may have come from and also may be able to identify what action cause the final location of the fiber. Fiber location can be a good indicator of a struggle or specific actions during a crime. Tread analysis is the examination of treads or tire marks. Upon discovery treads or tire marks are photographed and sometimes casted for examination. These photographs or casts are analyzed to determine the type of vehicle the treads could have come from. Ballistic analysis is the examination or firearms and ammunition. When cases involve firearms and ammunition, ballistic science is used to identify the characteristics of the ammunition discovered and link it to the type of firearm or exact firearm through the identification or rifling in the barrel or the firearm. Glass analysis is the examination of glass. Forensic science can examine glass to identify its refractive characteristics or composition to connect it to other samples of glass collected. There are numerous types of glass and forensic science is able to assist in identifying and matching samples. Paint analysis is the examination of paint samples. Forensic science is used to link paint samples recovered and link those samples to a source of origin. Paint analysis is common to link vehicles and weapons to a crime. Soil analysis is the examination or soil particles. Forensic science can identify even minute traces of soil particles and identify its characteristics, possibly origin. Footprint analysis examines the foot or shoe impressions. Forensic science can indicate through photographs or castings the size of foot, if it is human or animal in origin, if the speed of the individual, type of shoe the individual was wearing. Fingerprint analysis examines human fingerprints. Each individual person has different fingerprints and forensic science can examine one fingerprint and link it to a specific individual. Blood spatter analysis is the examination of blood and how it arrived at its discovered location. Forensic science can analysis blood spatter to indicate the origin of the blood and what may have taken place in what direction and matter to cause the specific patterns of blood discovered. 6. What can a forensic scientist/expert ascertain from hair samples located at a crime scene or on a victim? What would the expert be able to testify to upon analysis of these samples? Hair evidence is commonly discovered at the crime scene because both humans and animal are always shedding hair. The important job or hair forensic analysis is to discover the origins of the sample collected. If a hair sample still have a follicle attach it is possible for a forensic scientist is acquire a DNA pattern from the hair. The characteristics of a hair sample will also indicated the type of hair and location of the body where the hair would have originated from. Examination of the hair root can indicate whether the hair was removed through force or naturally shed by the body. At trial the expert may testify to the all the characteristics able that are possible to discover through a hair sample. Also, an expert may testify to the location of hair and how the characteristics of the hair sample may indicate a certain type of behavior for that hair to be found in the location it was. For example, if a male pubic hair is found in the location or a female genital area then that may be an indication of sexually deviancy. All of this testimony would be circumstantial and only a presentation of possible reasoning for hair characteristics and location. 7. How was fiber evidence utilized to convict Wayne Williams in the Atlanta Child Killing murders? Williams was convicted using seven different fiber and hair associations to the victim Jimmy Ray Payne. Payne was found in a river, but his cloths still retained fibers that were left on the body from his contact with Williams. The medical examiner was able to recover these fibers and sent them in for forensic testing. Through forensic testing it was found that two different fiber strands were consistent with the characteristics of Williams’ bed spread and bedroom carpet. Other fibers retrieved from Payne were consistent with William’s car. Other fibers where connected to various fibers throughout Williams’ home. Once the fibers were from Payne were linked to Williams, the FBI examined the fiber evidence from eleven other victims and through consistencies between all the fibers that were collected where able to link Williams is some way to all twelve murders through the fibers evidence. 8. How can certain marks located on a bullet be analyzed and used to help determine the exact gun from which the bullet was fired? Each individual firearm is created baring its own rifling. Rifling is the groves located within the barrel of a gun that assist the bullet to spin while exiting the gun and pierce through the air without wavering or tumbling. The rifling of the gun leaves distinct marks on the bullets that allow the bullet to be traces the specific rifling of the gun that shot the bullet. If there is no gun present to be directly compared to the bullet, rifling can also being used to identify the specific caliber or mark of the firearm used to fire the bullet. 9. How could glass or paint evidence be used to help solve a hit-and-run motor vehicle accident? What would the forensic expert be able to testify to when comparing glass or paint located at the scene in order to trace paint or glass evidence located on a suspect’s vehicle? Paint and glass evidence can be crucial in linking suspects and vehicles used in hit-and-run crimes. In most hit and run cases, when a vehicle strikes an individual or object traces of paint and glass may be transferred from the vehicle to the individual or object that was struck. Paint evidence is limited to the size or the sample and amount of paint transferred during contact. If the paint characteristics are identified, then those characteristics can be used to link the sample to the type or paint and color. If paint and color can be found and glass samples are left at the scene of a hit and run it is likely that the type of vehicle can be identified. Different types make, models, and types of vehicles utilize different types of glass in the construction of the vehicle. Glass forensic evidence can use glass sample taken from the scene to identify the type of glass and compare it to other samples to indicate possible origins of the sample. An expert witness cannot directly implicate a suspect in a crime by the glass or paint evidence from the scene of the crime and sample taken from the suspect vehicle. However, the expert witness can testify that the samples from the suspect’s car and the evidence collected from the scene have the sample characteristics. Also, an expert may be able to show that the damage or striations found at the scene could indicate that the car’s damage could have been directly caused by striking the individual or object involved in the hit-and-run.

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Midterm - Essay Example Additionally, porosity allows waste products out of the scaffold. Biodegradability: Since the intention of TE is to facilitate the body’s own cells to eventually replace the implanted tissue engineered construct over time, scaffold are not intended to be permanent implants. Thus scaffold need to be biodegradable to allow cells to generate their own extra-cellular matrix (Robert, 2013). The key consideration should be the source of the cells. Cells are categorized by their sources. For instance, autologous cells are obtained from the same individual to which they need to be re-implanted; Allogenic cells are got from the body of the donor of the same species while xenogenic cells are from individuals of another species (Robert, 2013). During cells selection, cells leading to fewest problems with rejection and pathogen transmission are preferred (mostly autologous). However, autologous cells cannot be obtained if the individual affected is elderly or has suffered severe burns. Biocompatibility: The initial consideration of any biomaterial for TE is biocompatibility; cells must stick, function normally and move onto the surface and finally through the biomaterial and begin proliferation process before producing new matrix. Biomaterial construct must show negligible immune reaction after implantation to prevent rejection by the body Injectability: TE tissues requires precisely designed combination of cells and specialized scaffold support system, Injectable biomaterials, especially those delivered in aqueous solution are ideal delivery vehicles for both the cells and bioactive factors (Robert, 2013). c) When designing a template for repairing a damaged bone, I will ensure that the template is biodegradable, bioresorbable, three-dimensional; which provides mechanical strength to the bone while at the same time providing a guide for regeneration of bone tissue (Robert. 2013). Thus the template