Pike Place Market and Work Environment Essays

Pike Place Market and Work Environment Essays Pike Place Market and Work Environment Essay Pike Place Market and Work Environment Essay 1 . Fundamental Information: Stephen C. Lundin, Harry Paul, and John Christensen. Fish! A Proven Way to Boost Morale and Improve Results. New York: Hyperion, 2000. Print. 2. Rundown: Fish! is the account of Mary Jane Ramirez, a mid-level chief who works at First Guarantee Financial in Seattle, and her endeavors to change her representatives perspectives. The story begins with Mary Jane and her family moving to Seattle because of her spouses Job movement. Tragically, Mary Janes spouse passed on suddenly from a blood coagulation in his mind, which left Mary Jane monetarily unbound and constrained er to acknowledge an administration position with First Guarantee. Mary Janes advancement knock her up to the feared third floor, which is frequently alluded to in the book as a harmful waste dump. The staff on the third floor is known for being exhausted, uninterested, unmotivated and not supportive to the customers that they serve. Five weeks passed, and Mary Janes certainty was obviously shaken and every last bit of her vitality drained, also she was answering to ranking director, Bill, who has a notoriety of being upsetting and impolite. Bill saw the extreme absence of inspiration from level 3 and put Mary Jane accountable for changing the earth nd the way of life of level 3. With a lot of inquiries and not a single responses to be seen, Mary Jane ended up at the scandalous Pike Place Fish Market for lunch where she met Lonnie, an ecstatic fishmonger, who offers her Just the guidance she needs about her circumstance with First Guarantee. Lonnie disclosed to her that Pike Place used to be actually similar to First Guarantee, with the absence of inspiration and the inclination that their work was exhausting, dreary each and every day. All in all, how were the anglers at Pike Place ready to transform their drilling fish advertise into one of the most popular on the planet? Lonnie disclosed it to Mary Jane in four straightforward advances. The initial step, and apparently generally significant, is to pick your demeanor. Picking your mentality sounds sufficiently straightforward, yet it is significant with regards to the workplace. The subsequent advance is to discover approaches to play. This makes the workplace increasingly fun and diminishes the pressure. The third step is to be available. This progression guarantees that youre continually living at the time and not underestimating anything. The fourth and last advance is to fill their heart with joy. This progression centers around the clients and ensuring that their day was ade with your cooperations. With these four stages, Mary Jane had the option to change her harmful waste dump to a sound workplace. Just to be certain the organization follows these means, a plaque had been made and hung in the front passageway of the base camp that peruses: As you enter this work environment please decide to make today an extraordinary day. Your partners, clients, colleagues, and you yourself will be grateful. Discover approaches to play. We can be not kidding about our work without being not kidding ourselves. Remain centered so as to be available when your clients and colleagues most need you. Also, should you feel your vitality passing, attempt this definite fire cure: Find somebody who needs some assistance, an expression of help, or a decent ear-and fill their heart with joy (Lundin). 3. Basic Analysis: Fish! recounts to a great and acceptable anecdote about a typical issue with todays workforce. Numerous work environment assignments can be viewed as dreary and exhausting, and you do large accentuation on wellbeing and the general prosperity of representatives, there shouldnt be such a high pace of harmful waste dumps, particularly when we spend a lot within recent memory in the work place. I loved the wonderful way the creators utilized the world well known Pike Place Fish Market for instance to exhibit that any Job on the planet can be fun and decent with the correct mentality. As Lonnie from the fish advertise stated, Im ruined forever. I dont figure I could work in a commonplace market in the wake of encountering this. As I referenced, the market didnt start along these lines. It, as well, was a vitality dump for a long time (Lundin). The four components of Lonnies theory truly could be appropriate to any workplace needing redoing. Beginning with pick your demeanor; it is presumably the most basic yet compelling system in the book. As it is tated in the book: there is consistently a decision about the manner in which you accomplish your work, regardless of whether there is certainly not a decision about the work itself (Lundin). Any specialist can pick their disposition that they bring to work; regardless of whether they will be hopeless or in the event that they will be upbeat and roused. In the event that you reliably decide to be feeling positive, at that point chances are you will be a lot more joyful and beneficial over the long haul. All things considered, in the event that you must be grinding away, why not attempt and make the best out of it? The following way of thinking is to play. We see this procedure come in to use for some organizations today, particularly Google. The general thought is that you can be not kidding about your work, yet you can in any case play around with the manner in which you direct your business. This shows you are not continually paying attention to yourself thus, and you can comprehend the significance of diversion even in upsetting circumstances. In the event that the philosophy of play is fused in organizations, individuals will treat others well, laborers will be progressively innovative, the time passes all the more rapidly, and the earth is more advantageous. The third way of thinking is to fill their heart with joy. This progression is pivotal with regards to consumer loyalty. The thought is basic in heory: go out and approach client assistance with the objective that you are going to make somebodys day. At the point when you make a special effort to give your client a noteworthy encounter, it upgrades your companys picture and leaves an enduring impression. The fourth and last way of thinking is to be available. This gets a component of regard for the second instead of daydreaming of work. At the point when you are absent while at work, more than likely time is being squandered gazing at the clock, which additionally implies you are not completely drawn in with your customers or clients and reduces the nature of your work. At the point when you are available grinding away, those issues are unraveled and it makes you stand apart from the remainder of your collaborators. 4. End: Fish! is an absolute necessity read for any business that has indications of turning into a harmful waste dump. The book itself is short long, and it conveys its message plainly and adequately. The four essential methods of reasoning examined in the book are straightforward, yet they can without much of a stretch be actualized in any workplace to improve the general air. I would prescribe this book to anybody that feelings of trepidation their companys workplace may be in a difficult situation.

Why Women Grow Beards Essays (485 words) - Facial Hair, The Beards

Why Women Grow Beards Quite a while back, ladies developed whiskers. They dislike the facial hair of men. Ladies' facial hair were longer, thicker, and were more wonderful than those of men. The ladies took great consideration of their whiskers. Some turned out to be so glad for them that they looked down on men, including their own siblings and fathers and spouses. Perhaps the proudest wa Jenny. She and her three sisters were the little girls of a man named Ray. They were respected for their magnificence, yet they were generally appreciated for their whiskers. Close to their home carried on a well off and gorgeous ruler named Eric. His preferred fortune was his gold pickle ring. His little girls helped him out a great deal. One of his little girls saw one day that the hirelings were extremely occupied, and chose to help them by washing all the plates in the palace herself. She got them everything except didn't understand that one of the plates was the plate on which the ring was kept on. She took the plates, alongside the plate with Erics gold pickle ring, down to a stream to wash them. She never observed the ring sneak off the plate into the stream. The stream diverted the ring, and a fish gulped it. Downstream, a kid was angling. He got enough fish that day to sell a few and bring the rest home to his family. After he cooked a fish for himself, he cut it open and found the ring. He took the ring to town the following day and offered it to a towns-ladies named Jenny. The ruler was known and regarded by everybody , except the kid didn't have the foggiest idea about that the ring was the king's, Jenny did, yet was excessively pleased and childish to return it to the lord. Rather she shrouded the ring inside her long, thick whiskers. It was not some time before King Eric found that his ring was absent. Nobody, including his little girl, had any thought what had occurred. The updates on the missing ring was declared all through the realm. The fisher-kid knew about it and understood whose ring had been in the fish. Realizing that Eric would not rebuff him since he didnt know, he rushed to the ruler's hirelings and disclosed to them how he had discovered the ring and, not realizing whose it was, had offered it to a lady named Jenny. The lord's hirelings looked wherever for Jenny, however nobody knew where she was. She had covered up, planning to make sense of an approach to keep the ring. Not having the option to discover her, King Erics hirelings said that the lord will offer to wed any lady who could bring back his ring. Nobody around had been explained why the workers were scanning for Jenny. There was disarray while the ladies looked through each side of the town. Reasoning

Writing Persuasive Essays on Cyber Bullying

Writing Persuasive Essays on Cyber BullyingPeople who are struggling with cyber bullying should consider writing persuasive essays on cyber bullying topics. It's important that someone with significant experience in the industry write these essays for other people, as there is an increased need for professionals to study this topic and train others on how to handle it.While writing persuasive essays on cyber bullying topics, you'll want to research and understand the industry and understand how to explain your positions in the most convincing way possible. This will allow you to persuade the readers that you're not only a victim, but a wise victim who is facing the odds head on.One of the ways to be persuasive about persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying is to provide specific examples of other people who have written a persuasive essay about the same issue. If you have any friends or colleagues that can give you their information, this will be helpful. However, be careful to not divulge any private information, as it could hurt your case.You also want to talk about specific ways that persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying can benefit you. For example, it's helpful to show how such a topic would help you create opportunities that you haven't experienced before.Make sure you discuss each and every aspect of the topic. Start by talking about how you might experience cyber bullying, and then discuss how this would affect you at work or in other areas of your life. The more information you provide, the more persuasive your essay will be.By educating others about persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying, you'll have a responsibility to educate them as well. You want to make sure that you are representing yourself and your position as well as you can. It's never too late to educate others about the topic as well.Creating persuasive essays on cyber bullying can make a big difference in your career and help you succeed. After all, no one is safe from cyber bully ing, whether they are young or old.

Cyber Crime And Cyber Terrorism - 1801 Words

Cyber risks can be divided into the following groups (Marsh, 2013): 1. Physical loss of systems – Physical information technologies systems, i.e., computers, servers and other electronic equipment are required for the cyber activity. Consequently, it is very important to consider the risks related to the damage or loss of the physical electronic equipment. Risks can be for example, internal water damage in the office building damaging the computers and other equipment or fire in server room as a result of temperature change and other risks. 2. Cyber-crime and cyber terrorism – Cyber-crime is illegal actions taken by criminals for financial gain, which is done by the use of the internet and other electronic systems in order to illegally access or attack information and services used by business and citizens (CabinetOffice, 2011). Acts that are directed towards the influencing or defeating the particular government or state are called cyber terrorism. Businesses operating in areas that are linked to the government, for example communications, transport, health must be most concerned to cyber terrorism; as they are the biggest target for a cyber-terrorism attacks (Marsh, 2013). Cyber-crime cost of UK business and citizens is valued at  £27 billion annually. A considerable portion of this cost comes from the theft of intellectual property, which is estimated at  £9.2 billion. The main loser as a result of cyber-crime is UK business which cost is estimated at  £21 billion. MainShow MoreRelatedHow to Overcome Cyb er Terrorism and Cyber Crime2458 Words   |  10 PagesCERTAINTY OF CONTRACT There are two aspects to the issue of uncertainty. (1) The language used may be too vogue in which case, the court is likely to hold that there is no concluded agreement , the contract is void for uncertainty. (2) Failure to reach agreement on a vital or fundamental term of an agreement. SECTION 30 1. Agreements, the meaning of which is not uncertain, or capable of being made certain, are void. * If A agrees to sell to B ‘a hundred tons of oil’ , thereRead MoreCyber Security Is A Growing Concern For Governments Around The World1296 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Cooperation for Cyber Security Cyber Security is a growing concern for governments around the world. Cyber-attacks pose a direct threat to the security of the nations’ critical infrastructures and Information Technologies (IT) as a low-cost asymmetric warfare element. Most of these nations are aware of the vulnerability of the information technologies and the significance of protecting critical infrastructures. To counteract the threat of potentially disastrous cyber-attacks, nations’ policyRead MoreThe Patriot Act Title Vii Section 814 And 8161429 Words   |  6 PagesSection 814 and 816. These sections of the Patriot Act protects the citizens of The United States from the world’s newest form of terror; Cyber-Terrorism. The aim is to explain this law, its adequacies, and inadequacies in detail and to offer suggestions and solutions for its shortcomings. Commission of Cyber Terrorism In 2013, a man, investigators named the â€Å"Sexual Cyber Terrorist† extorted over 350 women by hacking into their email accounts and baiting them into giving him nude photos. If the women didRead MoreEssay about CyberCrime and Terrorism1088 Words   |  5 Pagesincrease in the amount of cyber crime committed. Technology is a constantly changing entity, constantly evolving, always progressing. Naturally this can make it hard to stay on top of things. In turn, law enforcement runs into various issues regarding cyber crime and cyber terrorism. Cyber crime and terrorism is so complex of a crime that it can be hard to break down the barriers that can lead to justifying the action. Major issues that are prominent in cyber crime and terrorism are that laws vary greatlyRead MoreThe Fbi Agents And The Criminal Law Of The United States1615 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, the amounts of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Agents have increased, due to the amount of crimes that have continued to rise. The FBI serves as the nation’s federal law enforcement and works to keep our country safe from dangers that we cannot deal with. The FBI agents have an impact on our nation because they defend us against counterfeiting, terrorist attacks and cyber-based attacks. The FBI is a treat-based and intelligence driven national security organization. There missionRead MorePublic Health And National Security1421 Words   |  6 Pagesepidemics, and potential environmental difficulties overlap with what is presently the most significant U.S. national security concern and that is the threat of international terrorism. The genuine threat of bioterrorism means that disease related concerns and environmental concerns overlap with potential threats involving terrorism. This concern is enhanced by the possibility that terrorist organizations may be able to obtain biologically dangerous materials, and use these for destructive purposes. ForRead MoreThe Four Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesthis writing assignment, I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. governm ent, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in combating computer crime. First, we will define the four major categories of computer crimes. -The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred toRead More Cyberterrorism Essays1633 Words   |  7 PagesCyberterrorism Introduction Cyberterrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyberspace. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored therein. Possibly to intimidate, influence a government or its people to further political or social gain. To qualify as cyberterrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property, or generate fear. Attacks that lead to death or bodilyRead MoreThe Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime Essay827 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding FBI, Department of Homeland Security, among others, have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism. The roles and responses of these law enforcement agencies concerning digital crime have created challenges that limit enforcement efforts against digital crime. The Department Of Justice has had to address evolving challenges such as mortgage fraud, corporate fraud, and cyber crime including online child pornography. As it seeks to balance and address competing and new prioritiesRead MoreAmerica And Its Homeland Security Online Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided by the states and federal government. These tasks get more difficult as new technology introduces itself. Cybersecurity is one of the most popular security sectors in today’s world. There is not only cyberbullying going on in the world. Terrorism can be planned and sent from person to person over the internet. People’s identities are being stole to help carry out these terrorist acts and this is just the being of it. The United States created the Department of Homeland Security as a result

Teacher, I Planted A Seed - 763 Words

Teacher Teacher, I planted a seed today. The teacher paused, sighed, and composed a response. His instinct was to reply with a rhetorical question, but since LitStudies’ retirement for â€Å"inflammatory potential,† he doubted the student would recognize the effort—but College might. The teacher simply keyed, Student, this comment would be better served in HistHortStudies. No, a strictly philosophical comment, Teacher. A seed needs fertile soil and nourishment, Student. And as he scrolled through his records, sure enough, he was conversing with Student35LOG. Funny, in the last twelve years, this particular student was the only one who elicited a curiosity from the teacher. Students were students, all conflated into one vacuous body of†¦show more content†¦Good. College wouldn’t be able to pick up on the tone and would log the corrected discourse between teacher and student. Correct, Student. That will be enough for today. The teacher remained at his station, ruminating on this particular student. The first time 35LOG had made his presence known was a few months earlier, in an unusual departure from â€Å"normal† lines of inquiry: Teacher, are you real? The question had given him pause. Another teacher was recently retired for using the â€Å"antiquated† rhetoric of Descartes, so he replied with a more sanitized, moderate response, stating, Student, reality is perception. I exist, therefore I am real. Let us get back to the topic at hand, shall we, of the unexamined life, the only worthy life to which to aspire. And just as he thought he had successfully diverted the student, he interjected: Teacher, the unexamined life is not worth living, at least according to Plato, to Socrates. . . . He remembered being shocked from his automatic discourses—official teachings from College-approved PHILO2. As he struggled to form an appropriate response, Student35LOG continued: Will I be made to drink my Hemlock, Teacher? I’ve heard it tastes like victory. And then College terminated the link. That was the last he’d heard from Student35LOG until now, talking about planting seeds, of all things. The teacher sighed and started to rise, but a blip appeared on his monitor. Teacher, are you

500 years later free essay sample

In my analysis of the film 500 Years Later, I will cover legacy, racism, identity, and education. I will also include how all of these things relate to the black male and female relationship outline by Hopson Hopson Friends, Lovers, Soul mates. In the beginning of the film it gives us our history of the free people. Gold in Africa was in abundant. The European traded with the Africans. It showed us that we were snatched from our African homes, violently severed from our families, and brought into this country in chains. Blacks sold blacks, African rulers became involved in trading and sailing of their own people. â€Å"The ordeals of our history linger in the collective memory and contribute to a sense of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and feelings of inferiority. (Hopson Hopson Pg 38 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) Until Lions tells their tale, the story of the hunt will always glorify the hunter African proverb Legacy, this segment discusses the lasting impression of inferiority that the legacy of slavery has left on the contemporary generation of people of African heritage around the world. In contrast to the holocaust, several scholars declare, blacks are discouraged by society to forget their slave heritage whereas Jewish communities are celebrated for keeping the memory of their persecution alive. Today white people try and brush the African heritage under the table, but we as black people have to learn our history in order to come out of the enslavement that we continue to practice. Starting with the image of God, the white people had us believe that God was white so we are conditioned to think white is superior to all. Verily never will God change the condition of a people until they change what is within their souls. (Ar-Ra’d 13:11 Qu’ran) We have to replace our negative images and thinking with positive ones. We have to become more conscious of who we are in this world and not accept white people’s ways as our own. We have to know our place in this society and how you got here in order to learn yourself worth and to begin to love and accept your culture as something that is good. We must confront and process our history so that it loses its power over our lives. Only then are we free to declare: â€Å"I am a beautiful Black person and there is nothing I cannot do. † When we have internalized this belief, we are ready to love ourselves and one another. (Hopson Hopson pg 39 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) Racism which persists in the under representation of blacks in positions of authority and the over representation of young black males in the U. S. prison population, makes you understand how society constantly attempts to ignore this elephant in the room. The whites created a behavior power system that encourages people to hate us before they even know us. Racism is alive today in every aspect of black’s life such as in employment, renting, or even establishing a business. We as blacks today subject ourselves to the white man ways, to keep us ignorant of our history. We are so blinded by them that we continue to put out negative images to continue the white man’s justification that we are savages and they are supreme to us. When Blacks internalize the irrational messages of racism, they feel a sense of worthlessness and powerlessness that creates low self-esteem, depression, and self-defeating behavior. â€Å"WE MUST CHANGE THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT RACISM† (Hopson Hopson pg 46-47 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) I am apt to suspect the Negroes to be naturally inferior to the whites. There scarcely ever was a civilized nation of the complexion. (500 years later film quote) Identity, is accepting that person in the mirror which says you are not white. Knowing our history and accepting the struggles that we as a people had to endure. The word enslavement was not part of the African language; no part of the African language was to dehumanize anyone. In the movie Sankofa it urges us to equip ourselves with our history and to change our way of thinking. To be the people we once were and not accept the European/American way as a guide to live by. We must seek our past in order to define our future. As you begin to understand and accept the wisdom of your inner voice, allow it to become your guide. Trust in yourself as a spiritual being, aware of the world around you, open to change, and able to grow. Refuse to become bogged down by negative patterns. Realized that you are an attentive and sentient human being traveling on the path toward your true self. The more you understand about yourself, and begin to like what you discover, the more prepared you will be to forge a soul-mate relationship. (Hopson Hopson pg 62 Friends, Lovers, Soul mate) Education, was not originally designed to help blacks although are history clearly show we were well educated people from our homeland. Education is something that we as a black culture will not take seriously. We as American Blacks are throwing away our power, which is to be educated. Only a fool would let his enemy educate his children. ( Malcolm X) The whites are betting on us, staying ignorant to our history and the accomplishments of our people before becoming enslaved to the Europeans. So many of our black people choose to idolize the wrong things such as becoming a singer, a ball player or even a gangster or drug dealer, instead of becoming lawyers, business owners, educators or even inventors. So many of us don’t want to give back to our own communities to help uplift and encourage growth among ourselves. To be educated is to be confident. To learn means to liberate yourself and know how to conduct yourself in the future. Education means to have a positive outlook on society. Educating yourself means changing behavior, learning self respect, and erasing old tapes, understanding you have no control over the past, and taking responsibility for yourself in the present. In conclusion, in reviewing the film, the main message that I took from this film is the importance of history in our society. Changing HIS-tory into OUR-story. Not being ashamed of our past or afraid to give a voice to our ancestors. Unlike many documentaries, 500 Years Later not only tells history, but gives fundamental advice to using our past to prosper for the future. The teachings of the book told me learning about my history is very important part of knowing who I am. You must learn to love yourself first and come to terms with your past in order to find a true mate of your own. Understanding and educating yourself on life events and knowing the struggles that our ancestor and your own struggles will strengthen you and make you a better partner for life. It will give you the courage to stand on principles and values, give you confidents and the ability to know what you will and will not accept in a mate. This knowledge is not to be kept to yourself, we are to educate our brothers and sisters who are willing to listen and learn. The tools we inherited from our ancestors that sustain us to this day are our inner strength, determination, spiritual, and kinship ties. Our ancestors demonstrated courage, determination, and a passionate commitment to family, the same characteristics soul mates strive for today. (Hopson Hopson pg 42 Friends, Lovers, Soul mates) A commitment is a relationship between two people with the same kind of values in life, a willingness to overcome barriers and being sensitive to each other needs. I have never experience a true relationship in which I have had all of the above. Now that I understand what a commitment and Soul mate means I will not settle for anything less. The courage to experiment and take risks, the willingness to be patient, and the compassion to offer support and encouragement are the tools needed to achieve victory. (Hopson Hopson pg 118 Friends, Lovers, Soul mate)

venonous snakes Essay Example For Students

venonous snakes Essay It all started about five years ago when my brother had gotten me a job at the zoo. My whole life I had never really been interested in snakes, I had always thought that they were useless and served no interest to me what so ever. My entire life I had always had a love for animals and wanted to go to vet nary school so I could always be around animals, so Harold had given me a chance to become a zoo keeper. I worked at the Scotch Plains Zoo for three and a half years before it was closed down do to lack of money. While I had worked there I had become to love snakes and thought that were amazing creatures. This love grew to where I started taking in snakes that people didnt want as pets anymore so I would care for them. I started out with two constrictors one blood python and one red tailed boa. I still have both of these snake today the python is 7ft and ninety pounds and the boa is 5 feet and about fifty pounds. We will write a custom essay on venonous snakes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At first my parents were going to have a heart attack but they accept it now. While I was working at the zoo I applied to take the test for caring for exotic and endangered animals. It had taken forever to get my permits and even with them it is still hard to purchase a lot of animals. When I moved out of my house and got my own place I wanted to start a breeding program for venomous snakes for other zoos in the country. I dont sell my snakes to them I just donate them so other people can see and learn from them that they are not Satans creatures and are quite docile. The first snake that I had purchased was a horned pit viper (which had taken me about 5 months to get. I had to hand build all my enclosures due to the fact that each snake needs different humidity, light and enclosure space. As time gone by I had gotten two more breeding pairs one russels viper and one death adder. The two vipers have a high potency of venom but nothing like the death adder, plus the death adder has one nasty attitude problem. The death adder is the third most venous snake in the world and if it did bite me I would only have 10 minutes to inject myself wit the anti-venom or I would be dead, and even with the anti serum I would still be hospitalized for some time. At my house I keep all three pairs of snakes in the basement all in separate enclosures. I can only put the males and females together at mating season or they could fight(snakes can sometimes be cannibals). It is funny when my roommates come home even to this day they check every night that each snake is in its cage( I guess I cant blame them though ) but they have accepted it and are starting to get use to it. In the future I plan to get one more breeding pair I am just no sure which ones I want yet. Over the past year I have gotten calls from several zoos that asked if they could have the hatchlings. So far you can see my snakes at the Poconos game far, Bronx Zoo, LA zoo, Columbus Zoo, and The South Carolina Alligator Farm. I do what I do not for the purpose of having venomous snakes but to show others that you dont really have much to fear from snakes unless you provoke them. People like I was are afraid of something that they shouldnt be, a snake is not going to come and attack you but more of the less try to get away from you as fast as they can. I think that everyone that is afraid of snakes should hold one just one time to realize that there is really nothing to fear but I also do not mean to go out there and pick up a venomous snake that would be stupid, but to go out and conquer there fears.

Alfred Hitchcock - Profile of the Famous British Film Director

Alfred Hitchcock - Profile of the Famous British Film Director Known as the â€Å"Master of Suspense,† Alfred Hitchcock was one of the most famous film directors of the 20th century. He directed more than 50 feature-length films from the 1920s into the 1970s. Hitchcock’s image, seen during Hitchcock’s frequent cameos in his own films and before each episode of the hit TV show Alfred Hitchcock Presents, has become synonymous with suspense. Dates: August 13, 1899 – April 29, 1980 Also Known As: Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, Hitch, Master of Suspense, Sir Alfred Hitchcock Growing Up with a Fear of Authority Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on August 13, 1899, in Leytonstone in the East End of London. His parents were Emma Jane Hitchcock (neà © Whelan), who was known to be stubborn, and William Hitchcock, a grocer, who was known to be stern. Alfred had two older siblings: a brother, William (born 1890) and a sister, Eileen (born 1892). When Hitchcock was just five years old, his strict, Catholic father gave him quite a fright. Attempting to teach Hitchcock a valuable lesson, Hitchcock’s father sent him to the local police station with a note. Once the police officer on duty read the note, the officer locked young Hitchcock in a cell for several minutes. The effect was devastating. Although his father was trying to teach him a lesson about what happened to people who did bad things, the experience left Hitchcock shaken to the core. As a result, Hitchcock was forever fearful of the police. A bit of a loner, Hitchcock liked to draw and invent games on maps in his spare time. He attended St. Ignatius College boarding school where he stayed out of trouble, fearful of the strict Jesuits and their public canings of boys who misbehaved. Hitchcock learned draftsmanship at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar from 1913 to 1915. Hitchcock’s First Job After graduating, Hitchcock got his first job in 1915 as an estimator for W.T. Henley Telegraph Company, a manufacturer of electric cable. Bored by his job, he regularly attended the cinema by himself in the evenings, read the cinema trade papers, and took drawing classes at London University. Hitchcock gained confidence and began to show a dry, witty side at work. He drew caricatures of his colleagues and wrote short stories with twist endings, to which he signed the name â€Å"Hitch.† Henley’s Social Club magazine, The Henley, began publishing Hitchcock’s drawings and stories. As a result, Hitchcock was promoted to Henley’s advertising department, where he was much happier as a creative advertising illustrator. Hitchcock Gets Into Filmmaking In 1919, Hitchcock saw an ad in one of the cinema trade papers that a Hollywood company named Famous Players-Lasky (which later became Paramount) was building a studio in Islington, a neighborhood in Greater London. At the time, American filmmakers were considered superior to their British counterparts and thus Hitchcock was extremely excited about them opening up a studio locally. Hoping to impress those in charge of the new studio, Hitchcock discovered the subject of what was to be their first motion picture, bought the book it was based on, and read it. Hitchcock then drew up mock title cards (graphic cards inserted into silent movies to show dialogue or explain action). He took his title cards to the studio, only to find that they had decided to film a different movie. Undaunted, Hitchcock quickly read the new book, drew up new title cards, and again took them to the studio. Impressed by his graphics as well as his determination, Islington Studio hired him to moonlight as their title-card designer. Within a few months, the studio offered 20-year-old Hitchcock a full-time job. Hitchcock accepted the position and left his steady job at Henley to enter the unsteady world of filmmaking. With calm confidence and a desire to make movies, Hitchcock began to help out as a screenwriter, assistant director, and set designer. Here, Hitchcock met Alma Reville, who was in charge of film editing and continuity. When the director fell ill while filming the comedy, Always Tell Your Wife (1923), Hitchcock stepped in and finished the film. He was then offered the opportunity to direct Number Thirteen (never completed). Due to a lack of funds, the motion picture abruptly stopped filming after a few scenes were shot and the entire studio shut down. When Balcon-Saville-Freedman took over the studio, Hitchcock was one of just a few people asked to stay on. Hitchcock became the assistant director and screenwriter for Woman to Woman (1923). Hitchcock hired Alma Reville back for continuity and editing. The picture was a box-office success; however, the studio’s next picture, The White Shadow (1924), failed at the box-office and again the studio shut down. This time, Gainsborough Pictures took over the studio and Hitchcock was again asked to stay. Hitchcock Becomes a Director In 1924, Hitchcock was the assistant director for The Blackguard (1925), a film shot in Berlin. This was a co-production deal between Gainsborough Pictures and UFA Studios in Berlin. Not only did Hitchcock take advantage of the Germans’ extraordinary sets, but he also observed the German filmmakers using sophisticated camera pans, tilts, zooms, and tricks for forced perspective in set design. Known as German Expressionism, the Germans used dark, moody thought-provoking topics such as madness and betrayal rather than adventure, comedy, and romance. The German filmmakers were equally happy to learn an American technique from Hitchcock whereby scenery was painted onto the camera lens as a foreground. In 1925, Hitchcock got his directorial debut for The Pleasure Garden (1926), which was filmed in both Germany and Italy. Again Hitchcock chose Alma to work with him; this time as his assistant director for the silent film. During filming, a budding romance between Hitchcock and Alma began. The film itself is remembered for the myriad of troubles the crew ran into during filming, including having customs confiscate all of their unexposed film as they crossed the international border. Hitchcock Gets â€Å"Hitched† and Directs a Hit Hitchcock and Alma married on February 12, 1926; she would become his chief collaborator on all his films. Also in 1926, Hitchcock directed The Lodger, a suspense movie filmed in Britain about a â€Å"wrongly accused man.† Hitchcock had chosen the story, used fewer title cards than usual, and tossed in bits of humor. Due to a shortage of extras, he had made a cameo appearance in the film. The distributor didn’t like it and shelved it. Stunned, Hitchcock felt like a failure. He was so despondent that he even contemplated a career change. Luckily, the film was released a few months later by the distributor, who had been running short on films. The Lodger (1927) became a huge hit with the public. Britain’s Best Director in the 1930s The Hitchcocks became very busy with filmmaking. They lived in a country house (named Shamley Green) on the weekends and lived in a London flat during the week. In 1928, Alma delivered a baby girl, Patricia – the couple’s only child. Hitchcock’s next big hit was Blackmail (1929), the first British talkie (film with sound). During the 1930s, Hitchcock made picture after picture and invented the term â€Å"MacGuffin† to illustrate that the object the villains were after needed no explanation; it was just something used to drive the story. Hitchcock felt he didn’t need to bore the audience with details; it didn’t matter where the MacGuffin came from, just who was after it. The term is still used in contemporary filmmaking. Having made several box-office flops in the early 1930s, Hitchcock then made The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934). The film was a British and American success, as were his next five films: The 39 Steps (1935), Secret Agent (1936), Sabotage (1936), Young and Innocent (1937), and The Lady Vanishes (1938). The latter won the New York Critics’ Award for Best Film of 1938. Hitchcock caught the attention of David O. Selznick, an American film producer and owner of Selznick Studios in Hollywood. In 1939, Hitchcock, the number one British director at the time, accepted a contract from Selznick and moved his family to Hollywood. Hollywood Hitchcock While Alma and Patricia loved the weather in Southern California, Hitchcock was not fond of it. He continued to wear his dark English suits no matter how hot the weather. In the studio, he worked diligently on his first American film, Rebecca (1940), a psychological thriller. After the small budgets he had worked with in England, Hitchcock delighted in the large Hollywood resources he could use to build elaborate sets. Rebecca won the Oscar for Best Picture in 1940. Hitchcock was up for Best Director, but lost to John Ford for The Grapes of Wrath. Memorable Scenes Fearing suspense in real life (Hitchcock didn’t even like driving a car), he did enjoy capturing suspense on screen in memorable scenes, which often included monuments and famous landmarks. Hitchcock planned every shot for his motion pictures beforehand to such an extent that filming was said to be the boring part to him. Hitchcock took his audiences to the domed roof of the British Museum for a chase scene in Blackmail (1929), to the Statue of Liberty for a free fall in Saboteur (1942), to the streets of Monte Carlo for a wild drive in To Catch a Thief (1955), to the Royal Albert Hall for an assassination misfire in The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956),underneath the Golden Gate Bridge for a suicide attempt in Vertigo (1958), and to Mt. Rushmore for a chase scene in North by Northwest (1959). Other Hitchcock memorable scenes include a glowing poisoned glass of milk in Suspicion (1941), a man chased by a crop duster in North by Northwest (1959), a stabbing scene in the shower to shrieking violins in Psycho (1960), and killer birds gathering in a schoolyard in The Birds (1963). Hitchcock and Cool Blondes Hitchcock was known for engaging the audience with suspense, accusing the wrong man of something, and portraying a fear of authority. He also threw in comic relief, portrayed villains as charming, used unusual camera angles, and preferred classic blondes for his leading ladies. His leads (both male and female) portrayed poise, intelligence, underlying passion, and glamour. Hitchcock said audiences found classic blonde females to be innocent looking and an escape for the bored housewife. He didn’t think a woman should wash the dishes and go see a movie about a woman washing the dishes. Hitchcock’s leading ladies also had a cool, icy attitude for added suspense never warm and bubbly. Hitchcock’s leading ladies included Ingrid Bergman, Grace Kelly, Kim Novak, Eva Marie Saint, and Tippi Hedron. Hitchcock’s TV Show In 1955, Hitchcock started Shamley Productions, named after his country home back in England, and produced Alfred Hitchcock Presents, which turned into the Alfred Hitchcock Hour. This successful TV show aired from 1955 to 1965. The show was Hitchcock’s way of featuring mystery dramas written by various writers, mostly directed by directors other than himself. Before each episode, Hitchcock presented a monologue to set up the drama, beginning with â€Å"Good Evening.† He came back at the end of each episode to tie up any loose ends about the culprit being caught. Hitchcock’s popular horror movie, Psycho (1960), was filmed inexpensively by his Shamley Productions TV crew. In 1956, Hitchcock became a U.S. citizen, but remained a British subject. Awards, Knighthood, and Death of Hitchcock Despite being nominated five times for Best Director, Hitchcock never won the Oscar. While accepting the Irving Thalberg Memorial Award at the 1967 Oscars, he simply said, â€Å"Thank you.† In 1979, the American Film Institute presented Hitchcock with its Life Achievement Award at a ceremony at the Beverly Hilton Hotel. He joked that he must be about to die soon. In 1980, Queen Elizabeth II knighted Hitchcock. Three months later Sir Alfred Hitchcock died of kidney failure at the age of 80 in his home in Bel Air. His remains were cremated and scattered over the Pacific Ocean.

485 Forensic Law Midterm Exam

The most important fact that makes forensic evidence circumstantial is because science cannot be clearly defined by law. The legal system have created standards and written legal rules regarding the admissibility of forensic evidence. When forensic evidence that is presented in court is rarely unaccompanied by an expert witness to provide the court room with a professional explanation backing the reliability of the forensic process used to collect the relevant evidence. This is one the major obstacles in the modern courtroom. Expert witnesses are intended to provide the court with a detailed description of the forensic evidence being presented and how that evidence was analyzed through the use of forensic science. This makes an expert witness’s testimony a testimony to probability and circumstance, rather than actual fact. Consequently, the forensic evidence that is presented is ruled as circumstantial. The primary reason that science cannot be clearly defined by law is the rate of change and new theory that occurs regularly in science. There have been numerous cases where scientific evidence is found to be incorrect or inconclusive when it is admitted into evidence. This is a major concern for the courtroom as false convictions are detrimental to the integrity of the judicial system. Admissible forensic evidence is most always considered circumstantial so that there must be other forms of evidence to support the conclusion made from the forensic evidence to make a ruling. 2. Explain ways in which an opposing attorney can challenge an expert’s testimony in court. The primary goal of an attorney during cross examination is to destroy the credibility of a witness’s testimony. Expert witnesses are held to a different standard during trial and are considered professional witnesses as they speak on the behalf of a professional opinion and understanding of the information being presented; rather than the account or an experience. Regardless of who they witness is, it is important the Federal Rules of Evidence are upheld during cross examination. There are multiple rules against the presentation of past history of witness and attack of their personal character. That being said, an attorney may reference background and qualifications of an expert witness disprove the creditably of the witness as a professional in the field they are giving testimony to. An attorney may do this by researching the expert or the field that they practice and present them question that may cause they to refute their previous testimony or have no answer to a question. Causing an expert witness to look confused or untruthful on the stand shows the jury that jury that their testimony may not be credible or the judge has the authority to dismiss the witness completely. Another approach that is commonly executed during cross examination by an attorney is challenging of the validity and probativity of the expert witnesses testimony. Attorneys may focus on the limitations of the testimony and attempt to show the jury that the testimony is insignificant and inconclusive to show any benefit in proving or disproving any evidence or a fact at trial. An attorney may also challenge the purpose of the testimony. If the attorney can ask questions that show the testimony is insignificant and is not being used to prove or disprove evidence. Then the attorney may be able to have the judge dismiss the testimony. 3. Explain exactly what makes a witness an expert witness and provide an example of a specific forensic science expert witness. Also, explain what scientific expert opinion is and what is required before a court will allow this type of special testimony. An expert witness is considered an expert according to their credentials in the professional field that they are testifying in accordance with. Expert witnesses are used by attorneys to give professional opinion and explanation of information that the common individual would otherwise have no understanding of. Searching the web I discovered SEAK a website devoted to compiling information on expert witness. All of the expert witnesses listed on the site have been previously used in cases to provide testimony to specific evidence that is within the parameters of their expertise and professional credentials. Jill Kessler Miller is a great example of a specific expert witness. Jill resides in Southern California and is an expert in forensic science and dogs. She has testified in nine trials over the past four years. She has had over twenty-five years of experience with training dogs. She has a college degree in English and a graduate certification in Animal Policy Advocacy. The site also lists the multiple specific topics she gives testimony to. This is a great example of an expert witness because she lists are her professional credentials and specific fields that she will testify about in court. Dog bites and veterinary forensics are her direct links to forensic evidence. An expert witness’s expertise, training and special knowledge of a subject allows them to be give opinion is court. There is an exception to the rule against witnesses presenting anything but fact. Regardless, an expert witness’s opinion must be unbiased and bases solely on their special knowledge, train, and expertise in the field. The opposing attorney also has the right to confrontation to this opinion. 4. Explain in general how forensic evidence and analysis of this evidence can aid investigators in determining what took place at a crime scene. How would this information be helpful to an investigation? There are multiple different disciplines of forensic evidence and each different of discipline of forensic evidence can assist investigators to analysis specific evidence to identify its significance in the investigation. When a crime occurs an investigator arrive at the scene of the crime there first set it collect and document all the evidence found at the scene of the crime that looks like it make be out of place or help draw connections to the culprits of the crime. If hair, fibers, fingerprints, tire tracks, bite marks, etc. are found at a crime scene those materials or makes are correct and examined through the use of forensic evidence. The goal of forensic evidence is to analysis the materials collected and draw connections through science to link specific individuals or objects to the crime scene by matching the scientific components. This information is helpful to an investigator because it can provide time estimates of when the crime occurred, if the crime occurred at the location, who may be involved, what may have been used to commit the crime, etc. , but overall what caused the crime to occur. 5. Identify ten separate areas of forensic science that would commonly be utilized at a crime scene investigation and give a brief explanation of each. Hair analysis is the examination of human or animal hair. Forensic science is able to distinguish the difference between the two. Depending on the sample and if the follicle is still attached, science can recover DNA from the hair. Difference can also be made between what area of the body hair originated from. Fiber analysis is the examination of man-made fibers. Forensic science is able to identify through different processes the origination object a fiber may have come from and also may be able to identify what action cause the final location of the fiber. Fiber location can be a good indicator of a struggle or specific actions during a crime. Tread analysis is the examination of treads or tire marks. Upon discovery treads or tire marks are photographed and sometimes casted for examination. These photographs or casts are analyzed to determine the type of vehicle the treads could have come from. Ballistic analysis is the examination or firearms and ammunition. When cases involve firearms and ammunition, ballistic science is used to identify the characteristics of the ammunition discovered and link it to the type of firearm or exact firearm through the identification or rifling in the barrel or the firearm. Glass analysis is the examination of glass. Forensic science can examine glass to identify its refractive characteristics or composition to connect it to other samples of glass collected. There are numerous types of glass and forensic science is able to assist in identifying and matching samples. Paint analysis is the examination of paint samples. Forensic science is used to link paint samples recovered and link those samples to a source of origin. Paint analysis is common to link vehicles and weapons to a crime. Soil analysis is the examination or soil particles. Forensic science can identify even minute traces of soil particles and identify its characteristics, possibly origin. Footprint analysis examines the foot or shoe impressions. Forensic science can indicate through photographs or castings the size of foot, if it is human or animal in origin, if the speed of the individual, type of shoe the individual was wearing. Fingerprint analysis examines human fingerprints. Each individual person has different fingerprints and forensic science can examine one fingerprint and link it to a specific individual. Blood spatter analysis is the examination of blood and how it arrived at its discovered location. Forensic science can analysis blood spatter to indicate the origin of the blood and what may have taken place in what direction and matter to cause the specific patterns of blood discovered. 6. What can a forensic scientist/expert ascertain from hair samples located at a crime scene or on a victim? What would the expert be able to testify to upon analysis of these samples? Hair evidence is commonly discovered at the crime scene because both humans and animal are always shedding hair. The important job or hair forensic analysis is to discover the origins of the sample collected. If a hair sample still have a follicle attach it is possible for a forensic scientist is acquire a DNA pattern from the hair. The characteristics of a hair sample will also indicated the type of hair and location of the body where the hair would have originated from. Examination of the hair root can indicate whether the hair was removed through force or naturally shed by the body. At trial the expert may testify to the all the characteristics able that are possible to discover through a hair sample. Also, an expert may testify to the location of hair and how the characteristics of the hair sample may indicate a certain type of behavior for that hair to be found in the location it was. For example, if a male pubic hair is found in the location or a female genital area then that may be an indication of sexually deviancy. All of this testimony would be circumstantial and only a presentation of possible reasoning for hair characteristics and location. 7. How was fiber evidence utilized to convict Wayne Williams in the Atlanta Child Killing murders? Williams was convicted using seven different fiber and hair associations to the victim Jimmy Ray Payne. Payne was found in a river, but his cloths still retained fibers that were left on the body from his contact with Williams. The medical examiner was able to recover these fibers and sent them in for forensic testing. Through forensic testing it was found that two different fiber strands were consistent with the characteristics of Williams’ bed spread and bedroom carpet. Other fibers retrieved from Payne were consistent with William’s car. Other fibers where connected to various fibers throughout Williams’ home. Once the fibers were from Payne were linked to Williams, the FBI examined the fiber evidence from eleven other victims and through consistencies between all the fibers that were collected where able to link Williams is some way to all twelve murders through the fibers evidence. 8. How can certain marks located on a bullet be analyzed and used to help determine the exact gun from which the bullet was fired? Each individual firearm is created baring its own rifling. Rifling is the groves located within the barrel of a gun that assist the bullet to spin while exiting the gun and pierce through the air without wavering or tumbling. The rifling of the gun leaves distinct marks on the bullets that allow the bullet to be traces the specific rifling of the gun that shot the bullet. If there is no gun present to be directly compared to the bullet, rifling can also being used to identify the specific caliber or mark of the firearm used to fire the bullet. 9. How could glass or paint evidence be used to help solve a hit-and-run motor vehicle accident? What would the forensic expert be able to testify to when comparing glass or paint located at the scene in order to trace paint or glass evidence located on a suspect’s vehicle? Paint and glass evidence can be crucial in linking suspects and vehicles used in hit-and-run crimes. In most hit and run cases, when a vehicle strikes an individual or object traces of paint and glass may be transferred from the vehicle to the individual or object that was struck. Paint evidence is limited to the size or the sample and amount of paint transferred during contact. If the paint characteristics are identified, then those characteristics can be used to link the sample to the type or paint and color. If paint and color can be found and glass samples are left at the scene of a hit and run it is likely that the type of vehicle can be identified. Different types make, models, and types of vehicles utilize different types of glass in the construction of the vehicle. Glass forensic evidence can use glass sample taken from the scene to identify the type of glass and compare it to other samples to indicate possible origins of the sample. An expert witness cannot directly implicate a suspect in a crime by the glass or paint evidence from the scene of the crime and sample taken from the suspect vehicle. However, the expert witness can testify that the samples from the suspect’s car and the evidence collected from the scene have the sample characteristics. Also, an expert may be able to show that the damage or striations found at the scene could indicate that the car’s damage could have been directly caused by striking the individual or object involved in the hit-and-run.

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Midterm - Essay Example Additionally, porosity allows waste products out of the scaffold. Biodegradability: Since the intention of TE is to facilitate the body’s own cells to eventually replace the implanted tissue engineered construct over time, scaffold are not intended to be permanent implants. Thus scaffold need to be biodegradable to allow cells to generate their own extra-cellular matrix (Robert, 2013). The key consideration should be the source of the cells. Cells are categorized by their sources. For instance, autologous cells are obtained from the same individual to which they need to be re-implanted; Allogenic cells are got from the body of the donor of the same species while xenogenic cells are from individuals of another species (Robert, 2013). During cells selection, cells leading to fewest problems with rejection and pathogen transmission are preferred (mostly autologous). However, autologous cells cannot be obtained if the individual affected is elderly or has suffered severe burns. Biocompatibility: The initial consideration of any biomaterial for TE is biocompatibility; cells must stick, function normally and move onto the surface and finally through the biomaterial and begin proliferation process before producing new matrix. Biomaterial construct must show negligible immune reaction after implantation to prevent rejection by the body Injectability: TE tissues requires precisely designed combination of cells and specialized scaffold support system, Injectable biomaterials, especially those delivered in aqueous solution are ideal delivery vehicles for both the cells and bioactive factors (Robert, 2013). c) When designing a template for repairing a damaged bone, I will ensure that the template is biodegradable, bioresorbable, three-dimensional; which provides mechanical strength to the bone while at the same time providing a guide for regeneration of bone tissue (Robert. 2013). Thus the template

Political attitudes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political attitudes - Essay Example In the real world, this is what happens when local and national leaders are campaigning for various positions in the government. Hence, I can say that being in college has enabled me to understand different forms of governance and the expected role of every citizen in any country. This has had a lot of effects in my understanding and interpretations especially in matters of democracy. Through various subjects, I have been able to understand how a democratic republic should be like and the whole essence of a federal government. Secondly, it has changed my mentality and view of that politics a dirty game meant for the powerful in the society. Rather, every minded citizen should vie for any political position and serve the people. College faculty are very effective in indoctrinating students because it is at this level they are exposed to different systems of governance by electing students representatives to represent them in the school administration. Therefore, I believe that it is at this level future leader can define their political

Metaphors That Justify War :: essays research papers fc

Metaphors that Justify War Truth Uncloaked Do you think we had all the information that was at the President's disposal when he made the decision to deploy our troops in the Gulf? Do you think having that information might have made you feel more comfortable about our involvement? Should our government decide what we get to know and what we don't? By in large, we hear exactly what our government wants us to hear. Knowing this, at no other time paralleled in history, we want the truth; we thirst for it like those traveling through the desert without water and we are tired of being manipulated and deceived by those we elect to serve our interests. However, more often than not, we settle for what is given to us. Our truth is wrapped by the media and promoted as gospel without hesitation or moral reservation. Our acceptance of and reliance upon the media for sensitive, truthful, information brings a sense of security and knowledge of world affairs that satisfies our internal push for social involvement (even if it is at the point of acknowledgment only). We are happy with the knowledge because there is no discernible contradictions and seldom question its relevancy, focus or content. Then later, a contradictory report erupts in the media and we begin to question even what we see. The short footage shown by the media concerning the beating of Rodney King was out of context. Who is responsible for the disparity? The media. They decide what we hear and see. They manipulate to dramatize for the dollar. Gossip, murder, rape, political espionage, treason, drug deals, incest, wife battering, muggings, immoral behavior of all sizes shapes and volumes seem to appeal to human interest and the Networks use it to build their ratings while claiming they proclaim truth for all (double effect). These people and their focus gave us the Gulf War everyday, around the clock. Would it be surprising to know that the media not only reports the news they help facilitate public approval that could justify a war through the use of metaphors alone? The use of metaphors in war and everyday life is common and an important method employed to eventually arrive at a position of approval for military action. Before the use of metaphors is discussed it is necessary to understand specific conditions in which any war is justified. Conditions Necessary to Justify a War Two specific conditions are necessary to justify war. First, direct aggression against the United States, our allies, or those who are unable to protect themselves against direct aggression.

Indian Automobile Industry Essay

A. Introduction The Automotive Industry in India is one of the larger markets in the world and had previously been one of the fastest growing globally, but is now seeing flat or negative growth rates. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.9 million units in 2011. According to recent reports, India overtook Brazil and became the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, grew 16 to 18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia’s fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.In 2010, India beat Thailand to become Asia’s third largest exporter of passenger cars. As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making the country the second (after China) fastest growi ng automobile market in the world in that year. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are projected to increase to 4 million by 2015, no longer 5 million as previously projected. The majority of India’s car manufacturing industry is based around three clusters in the south, west and north. The southern cluster consisting of Chennai is the biggest with 35% of the revenue share. Chennai, with the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo and PSA Peugeot Citroà «n is about to begin their operations by 2014. Chennai accounts for 60% of the country’s automotive exports. The western hub near Mumbai and Pune contributes to 33% of the market. The Chakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster with companies like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat and Force Motors having assembly plants in the area. Nashik has a major base of Mahindra & Mahindra with a SUV assembly unit and an Engine assembly unit. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster. The northern cluster around the National Capital Region contributes 32% of the Indian market. Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster where the country’s largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki is based. Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat with manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat. Kolkata with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other automotive manufacturing regions around the country. B. Major Players The Major Market Players C. Product Segmentation While there are multiple ways of segmenting this industry like based on price and engine size but the most prevalent and the official method is based on dimension. i.e. the length of the vehicle under consideration. A1 Segment – Mini – Up to 3400mm (M800, Nano) A2 Segment – Compact – 3401 to 4000mm (Alto, wagon r, Zen,i10,A-star,Swift,i20,palio,indica etc) A3 Segment – Midsize – 4001 to 4500mm (Manza, City, Sx4, Dzire, Logan, Accent, Fiesta, Verna etc) A4 Segment – Executive – 4501 to 4700mm (Corolla, civic, C class, Cruze, Optra, Octavia etc) A5 Segment – Premium – 4701 to 5000mm (Camry, E class, Accord, Sonata, Laura, Superb etc) A6 Segment – Luxury – Above 5000mm (Mercedes S class, 5 series etc) B1 Segment – Van – Omni, Versa, Magic etc B2 Segment – MUV/MPV – Innova, Tavera, Sumo etc SUV Segment – CRV, Vitaraetc While it is easy for SIAM to segment the vehicles as per dimensions but for consumers, it becomes a tad difficult. This is primarily because of the widely varying / spread out prices of the vehicles. A 2 segment, as per the above criterion, will range between 3 lakhs to 7 lakhs. And A 3 will be between 4.5 to 9 lakhs. Such wide variation in prices has distorted the image of segments in the minds of consumers. Hence, for simplicity purposes, a different segmentation has cropped up. The details are as follows:- A Segment – Approximately below 3.5 lakhs – Alto, Eon, Nano, Spark, 800 B 1 Segment – Hatchback largely below 6 lakhs – Wagon R, Indica, Beat, Santro, A Star, Micra, Estilo B 2 Segment – Hatchback majorly below 7.5 lakhs – Swift, I 10, I 20, Ritz, Figo, Polo, Liva, Vista, Jazz, Punto, Brio, Fabia, Pulse, Aveo UVA C 1 Segment – Sedan below 8 lakhs – Dzire, Indigo, Etios, Sunny, Fiesta Classic, Verito, Accent, Ambassador, Aveo C 2 Segment – Sedan below 9.5 lakhs – Linea, Manza, Verna, Rapid, Vento, City, SX 4, Verna New, Optra D 1 Segment – Premium Sedan below 15 lakhs – Corolla, Civic, Cruze, Laura, Jetta, Fluence D 2 Segment – Luxury Sedan below 25 lakhs– Superb, Passat, Accord, Camry, Sonata, Teana, Kizashi B1 Segment – Van – Omni, Versa, Magic etc B2 Segment – MUV/MPV – Innova, Tavera, Sumo etc SUV Segment – CRV, Vitaraetc If we analyze the 1st Quarter of 2012-13, then total vehicle sales has been around 6.32 lakh units. The hatchback segments has totaled to 56% of the entire passenger car sales in India. This comes to 355857 units. This clearly shows the popularity of smaller cars in the Indian market. Alto continues to be the top selling brand with 17422 in July. It is followed by Swift (11421) and Wagon R (9582) – all Maruti brands. This is an indication of how well the Maruti team has understood the Indian market. i 10, I 20, Nano, Beat, Figo, Santro& Polo are some of the high selling models in these segments and these models continue to clock more than 3000 units monthly. Nano has been a disappointment so far with huge expectations but it is showing some kind of resilience off late. As a segment, the Utility segment is showing the maximum growth. In fact, this segment has outclassed the other popular segments of A, B 1 & B 2. With 128110 units under its hood in the 1st quarter, the segment is definitely making some good progress. Maruti’sErtiga, Mahindra’s XUV 500 & Bolero has been instrumental in pushing the volumes of this segment. Innova and Omni too are raking in good numbers. What has been disappointing is the performance from the Tata Motors stable Venture, Safari and Sumo have been showing steady decline in the numbers per se but definitely possess huge potential to challenge the other models. Among the sedans, Maruti Dzire continues to lead the pack. With 11413 numbers in July, it is way ahead of its next model Verna (5300). The iconic models of City, Linea, SX4 have been showing consistent under growth and seriously calls for some introspection by their respective manufacturers. Vento & Rapid also showed some slack but given the aggression of VW and Nissan, it wont be long before they start to pull in good numbers. Tata’s Indigo and Manza were on a slightly negative terrain all these months but somehow the trend has been reversed in July. 6816 for these 2 models augurs well for the company. D. Indian Automobile Industry : Barriers to Entry (and Exit) Barriers to entry (or, BTE) are anything that hinders the movement of firms into an industry. That is, BTE reduce or eliminate the entry of new businesses into an industry. Sometimes BTE can be almost insurmountable: no new firms can enter an industry. Other times BTE can slow down the entry of new firms: new firms appear but only slow. Very low BTE, however, means that new firms can enter the industry relatively rapidly. What can act as a BTE ? 1. Amount of capital The amount of capital required to enter the auto industry is in billions of dollars. So, very few outsiders can ever hope to enter the industry. This major financial requirement services as a significant barrier to entry for many industries. The auto manufacturing industry is considered to be highly capital and labor intensive. The major costs for producing and selling automobiles include: * Labor While machines and robots are playing a greater role in manufacturing vehicles, there are still substantial labor costs in designing and engineering automobiles * Advertising Each year automakers spend billions on print and broadcast advertising, furthermore, they spent large amounts of money on market research to anticipate consumer trends and preferences 2. Limited capacity of parts suppliers Existing parts suppliers have downsized their operations to the point that they do not have excess capacity. 3. Competition There are already significant numbers of well established competitors. 4.Government regulations The stringent regulations regarding safety, design, emission standards and fuel efficiency may sometimes act as a deterrent. 5. Patent protection laws This may prevent the use of certain innovations at low cost. 6. Marketing Marketing a new brand can be difficult and very expensive. 7. Economies of scale Economies of scale give large producers a significant cost advantage over small rivals. Where a firm has grown very large and significant economies of scale exist, they can have cost competitiveness. New entrants generally start small and therefore, have much higher unit production costs than the giant firms. These new, small entrants find it nearly impossible to survive against the large rival because they just can’t be price competitive given their much larger unit production costs. 8. Entry-deterring behavior A firm can protect itself from competition by deliberately acting in a way that convinces potential competitors not to enter the industry. Some firms spend huge amounts of money on advertising to keep new rivals from starting up business. Or, firms can act exceedingly aggressive if faced with new competition by perhaps starting a major price war every time a new competitor enters their market. Lawsuits against new rivals have been used to drive them out of business or to, at the very least, raise the cost of entering the business to very high levels. 9. Knowledge and Technology Ideas and Knowledge that provides competitive advantage over others when patented prevent others from using it and thus creates barrier to entry. For eg. TATA motors have great knowledge/ experience in the automobile industry and have renowned technological advantage because of the recent acquisition and mergers. 10. Product Differentiation and Cost Advantage The new product has to be different and attractive to be accepted by the customers. Attractiveness can be measured in the terms of the features, price etc. For an entrant to attain this, it requires lot of effort as compared to an established player. TATA Nano is an example where till now, no new entrant has entered as a competitor. Barriers to Exit: Obstacles or impediments that prevent a company from exiting a market. A company may decide to exit a market because it is unable to capture market share or turn a profit or for some other reason altogether. High barriers to exit might force it to continue competing in the market. The factors that may form a barrier to exit include: 1. High investment in non-transferable fixed assetsThis is particularly common for manufacturing companies that invest heavily in capital equipment which is specific to one task. 2. High redundancy costsIf a company has a large number of employees, employees with high salaries, or contracts with employees which stipulate high redundancy payments (layoff costs), then the firm may face significant cost if it wishes to leave the market. 3. Other closure costs. Contract contingencies with suppliers or buyers and any penalty costs incurred from cutting short tenancy agreements. 4. Potential upturn Firms may be influenced by the potential of an upturn in their market that may reverse their current financial situation. 5. Government policies In India, the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 puts restrictions on employers in the matter of reducing excess staff by retrenchment, by closure of establishments and the retrenchment process involved lot of legalities and complex procedures. Also, any plans of retrenchment and reduction of staff and workforce are subjected to strong opposition by trade unions. E. Role of Non-Pricing Competition Non-price competition refers to firms competing with one another not in terms of reducing the price to attract consumers instead, in form of brand name, advertising, packaging, free home- delivery, free service, sponsorship deals and so on. These are the different forms of non-price competition. The main aim of non-price competition is product development. As products are differentiated in monopolistic competition, to prove and show how ones product is superior than others- colour, appearance, packaging, skill level etc. It is been done to create an inelastic demand for the product. Following parameters can be used for competition instead of reducing cost: Quality: If consumers must choose between two products of the same price but they can see that one is of a higher quality, they generally pick the product of higher quality. In this way, if a firm can figure out how to produce an item at a cost comparable to what its competitor charges but make it of higher quality, that firm may be able to steal the market from its competitor. Now in case of automobiles, within a given price range people generally don’t comprise with the quality aesthetics. For example : Recalls of vehicles sold. Recently, Honda Cars India Ltd recalled 42,672 units of second generation Honda City cars manufactured in 2007 and 2008 to replace their power window switch. HCIL carried out preventive part replacement of power window switch. The company is proactively replacing Power Window Switch which may malfunction in case water or any other liquid enters the driver side window. Honda Cars India is carrying out the part replacement as part of a global exercise by Honda Motor Company to ensure stringent quality standards for its products. However, a problem with this approach is that it may take some time for consumers to realize any difference in quality. Perception and Branding: In some cases, little possibility of quality differentiation exists between two products. However, the long-term sustainability of such an approach may be difficult because, as such brand advantages arise through consumer trends, consumer trends may also lead to their demise. We can take example of Hyundai’s Eon and Maruti’s Alto 800. Maruti being a well-known brand it was difficult for Hyundai Eon to compete with it. Hyundai India offers its Eon fleet within a price bracket of Rs. 2.8 to Rs. 3.8 lakhs in the country. Maruti Suzuki has pitched its Alto 800 models with a slightly humble pricing falling in the range starting from Rs. 2.4 lakhs that goes on till Rs. 3.6 lakhs in the Indian auto market. Sales Comparision between Maruti Suzuki Alto 800 and Hyundai Eon Source: http://blogs.hindustantimes.com/car-nama/2012/07/13/alto-vs-eon-eight-months-on/ Product Design: In some cases, firms may compete by changing the design of their products to make them more appealing without significantly changing production costs or quality levels. Such a strategy can prove effective at stealing business from competitors, but it can also backfire, because it can cause the company to alienate its existing consumers, who may be knowingly choosing the existing design over other products with different designs specifically because it appeals to their tastes. Product Differentiation: Not all consumers are the same. By offering a range of similar products geared toward different market sectors, firms can expand their market base. However, such product differentiation can result in significantly higher overhead costs for production. For example every model has variants in following aspects: Fuel used (petrol, diesel, LPG, CNG) Cost varients (low end to high end with addition of features like sunroof, airbags etc.) Model| Price (INR)| Mileage| Volkswagon Vento PetorlTrendline| 7,29,000| 15.04| Volkswagon Vento Petrol Comfortline| 7,75,805| 15.04| Volkswagon Vento Petrol Style Limited Edition| 8,10,805| 15.04| Volkswagon Vento Diesel Trendline| 8,44,000| 20.54| Volkswagon Vento Petrol Highline| 8,74,805| 15.04| Volkswagon Vento Diesel Comfortline| 8,90,805| 20.54| Volkswagon Vento Diesel Style Limited Edition| 9,25,805| 20.54| Volkswagon Vento Petrol Highline AT| 9,74,805| 14.4| Volkswagon Vento Diesel Highline| 9,89,805| 20.54| Sales Structure: When two firms are competing with similar products, one may be able to enjoy more market share and a deeper level of penetration due to a more effective and aggressive sales structure. By engaging in direct sales, firms can appeal to prospective buyers who otherwise would not feel compelled to buy due to advertising or other kinds of marketing. Multilevel marketing is one way in which firms rapidly build their consumer base. However, by turning buyers into sellers as well, such schemes may require significantly higher prices. A typical supply chain in Indian Automobile Industry Source: ImaginMor, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd and United Nations Industrial Development Organisation The description and the role of each of the contributors to the supply chain are discussed below. Third Tier Suppliers: These companies provide basic products like rubber, glass, steel, plastic and aluminium to the second tier suppliers. Second Tier Suppliers: These companies design vehicle systems or bodies for First Tier Suppliers and OEMs. They work on designs provided by the first tier suppliers or OEMs. They also provide engineering resources for detailed designs. Some of their services may include welding, fabrication, shearing, bending etc. First Tier Suppliers: These companies provide major systems directly to assemblers. These companies have global coverage, in order to follow their customers to various locations around the world. They design and innovate in order to provide â€Å"black-box† solutions for the requirements of their customers. Black-box solutions are solutions created by suppliers using their own technology to meet the performance and interface requirements set by assemblers. First tier suppliers are responsible not only for the assembly of parts into complete units like dashboard, breaks-axel-suspension, seats, or cockpit but also for the management of second-tier suppliers. Automakers/Vehicle Manufacturers/Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): After researching consumers’ wants and needs, automakers begin designing models which are tailored to consumers’ demands. The design process normally takes five years. These companies have manufacturing units where engines are manufactured and parts supplied by first tier suppliers and second tier suppliers are assembled. Automakers are the key to the supply chain of the automotive industry. Examples of these companies are Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Toyota, and Honda. Innovation, design capability and branding are the main focus of these companies. Dealers: Once the vehicles are ready they are shipped to the regional branch and from there, to the authorised dealers of the companies. The dealers then sell the vehicles to the end customers. Parts and Accessory: These companies provide products like tires, windshields, and air bags etc. to automakers and dealers or directly to customers. Service Providers: Some of the services to the customers include servicing of vehicles, repairing parts, or financing of vehicles. Many dealers provide these services but, customers can also choose to go to independent service providers. The increased usage of IT at different tiers of the supply chain is on the increase in all the companies in India. An important finding that emerged from the findings was that the integration of supply chain is being done at all the cities in the country i rrespective of the market share. F. Key Developments in Indian Auto Sector Major Developments & Investments * Nissan Motor India Pvt Ltd is expecting to sell over 60 per cent more units this year on the back of the launch of its upgraded small car – Nissan Micra * Daimler India Commercial Vehicles (DICV) exported its first lot of 64 Fuso trucks manufactured at its Oragadam plant in Chennai. * Mahindra USA, a subsidiary of Mahindra and Mahindra (M&M), will set up an assembly and distribution centre, expanding one of the four tractor facilities in North America, by January 2014 * The Japan-based automobile manufacturer Isuzu Motors’ local subsidiary Isuzu Motors India has entered into an agreement with Hindustan Motors (HM) for contract manufacturing of Isuzu SUVs and pickup trucks * A year after introducing the popular ‘MINI’ range of cars in India, luxury car maker BMW has started local production of ‘MINI Countryman’ at its facility in Chennai * New Holland Fiat India plans to invest Rs 1,100 crore (US$ 184.56 million) to set up a new green-field pl ant in Maharashtra and also to increase its tractor manufacturing capacity by 50 per cent in the next three years * Hero MotoCorp has bought a 49.2 per cent stake in its US-based technology partner Erik Buell Racing (EBR) for US$ 25 million. This is Hero MotoCorp’s first-ever equity purchase in an overseas company. Also, Hero MotoCorp has entered into the African continent with launch of its brand and products in Kenya, where it has also set up an assembly unit. The company has also partnered with Ryce East Africa to sell its two-wheelers in the country * Daimler is developing its Indian commercial vehicle operations as an export hub. Daimler India Commercial Vehicles (DICV) will export locally assembled trucks from the conglomerate’s Mitsubishi Fuso range in 15 markets in Asia and Africa. Government Initiatives The Government of India plans to introduce fuel-efficiency ratings for automobiles to encourage sale of cars that consume less petrol or diesel, as per Mr. Veerappa Moily, Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. The Union Budget 2013-14 announced by Mr. P Chidambaram, the Union Finance Minister, Government of India, in the Parliament on February 28, 2013, had a few add-ons for the industry. The analysis by Deloitte on the Union Budget highlighted the following: * The period of concession available for specified part of electric and hybrid vehicles till April 2013 has been extended upto March 31, 2015 * The basic customs duty (BCD) on imported luxury goods such as high-end motor vehicles, motor cycles, yachts and similar vessels was increased. The duty was raised from 75 percent to 100 percent on Cars / motor vehicles (irrespective of engine capacity) with CIF value more than US$ 40,000; from 60 percent to 75 percent on motorcycles with engine capacity of 800cc or more and on yachts and similar vessels from 10 percent to 25 percent * In addition, an increase in excise duty from 27 to 30 per cent has been allowed for SUVs with engine capacity exceeding 1,500 cc, while excise duty was decreased from 80 to 72 per cent, in case of SUVs registered solely for taxi purposes * An exemption from BCD on lithium ion automotive battery for manufacture of lithium ion battery packs for supply to manufacturers of hybrid and electric vehicles * The excise duty on chassis of diesel motor vehicles for transport of goods reduced from 14 per cent to 13 per cent Moreover, the Government of India allows 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in the automotive industry through automatic route. The Government also plans to accelerate the supply of electric vehicles over the next eight years. It is expected that there will be a demand for 5-7 million electricity-operated vehicles by 2020. The contribution of automotive sector in the gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to double, reaching a turnover worth US$ 145 billion in 2016, with special focus on export of small cars, MUVs, two & three wheelers and auto components, as per the Automotive Mission Plan (AMP) 2006-2016. Road Ahead Global and Indian manufacturers are focusing their efforts to develop innovative products, technologies and supply chains in the industry. Car makers are launching a slew of car models, mostly compact SUVs, in the coming months. The automobile body SIAM expects the launches to be able to brighten the market. Lastly, the vision of AMP 2006-2016 sees India, â€Å"to emerge as the destination of choice in the world for design and manufacture of automobiles and auto components with output reaching a level of US$ 145 billion; accounting for more than 10 per cent of the GDP and providing additional employment to 25 million people by 2016.† G. Major Challenges and Suggested Measures Challenges: 1. Strong decline in economic growth- * It affects the consumer buying behavior- Buyers driven by fear of job loss, moved aggressively to increase their rate of saving. At the same time, high cost and growing longevity of motor vehicles prompted buyers to postpone purchases that they might have otherwise made. * Freezing of credit markets meant cancelledorders, unpaid supplier invoices, and ‘temporarily’ shuttered plants. * High excise duty- 12 % for sub 4 meters cars and 24 % for over 4 meters cars. * High interest rates as well as difficulty to obtain loans for purchase. 2. Duplicate spare parts- Indian market has always suffered from duplicate products and cheap counterfeits. This puts pressure on OEMs to reduce the prices and compete with these cheaper counterfeits. According to the study conducted by market research agency nielson co with acma, 41 % of total spare parts belong to OEMs and OESes, 23 % belong to imported segment and 36 % are duplicate. 3. Lack of infrastructure- Lack of proper road infrastructure, resulting into heavy Traffic has become major concern in most of the cities in India. Parking problem, parking cost adds to it. Bad roads, Bad drivers on road further add to the problem. 4. Availability of skilled man-power- As per data published by NSDC(National Skill Development Corporation), automobile sector in India is going to face a shortfall of 35 million skilled manpower by 2022. Limited availability of skilled manpower is bound to pose a great challenge to the positive growth of the Indian automotive manufacturing industry. 5. High Ownership cost- Small car sales are likely to fall by a couple of percentage points in 2013-14 due to continued uncertainty over income growth, high fuel costs arising from a deprecating rupee and still relatively high inflation.Diesel cars will lose their sheen, particularly in the small car segment, due to the gradual deregulation of diesel prices and the expected fall in petrol prices. 6. IR related issues- The $73 billion automobile sector has witnessed abhorrent industrial unrest in the recent 5 years with disputes in Maruti Suzuki, Hero Honda, Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India, Rico,Hyundai, Ashok Leyland, MRF, Apollo Tyres, Sona Koyo and Toyota Kirloskar Motors Ltd. Thissector, to generate double revenue needs a flexible workforce of 25 million with an amicableatmosphere to hire and fire workers to cope with the cyclical swings in demand for cars, trucksand bikes but the archaic labour laws governing employment of contract labour has fan thesetensions. This speculates the lack of efficient implementation machinery. Industrial unrestsaccompanying murders of the executives have also been committed in 2-3 instances recently,demonstrating the urging to address the issue by the social partners. 7. Global competition— Competition will only increase in the years to come, as more international players enter India and the pace of innovation accelerates. This would elevate both R&D and selling and distribution costs, thereby impacting margins. Despite these headwinds, India would continue to remain an attractive market, as volumes across segments are projected to grow at a five-year compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 10 per cent. Suggested Measures India has a very low car penetration about 10 per 1000. This number is expected to become 382 by 2025, this means that there is plenty of room to each automobile giant to grow in Indian market without affecting the volume of other competitors. Few of the following suggested measures may have a bounce back effect on the Indian Automobile Industry; 1. Friendly government policies: Tax benefits for R&D development and Skill related investments, subsidies for hybrid vehicles are the measures if taken can boost the Indian automobile sector. Similarly extension of 200 % weighted deduction of R & D expense under income tax law andweighted deduction of 150 % for expenditure in skill development by industries seem to be positive steps towards the cause. 2. Healthy Industrial Relations through better contract worker policies: As in most of the developed countries thecontract workers are covered under the social security provisions and are paid at par with the permanent workers. Such transparent policies may definitely promote positive industrial relations and foster industrial growth. 3. Technology up gradation measures-Automobile industry is slowing down, but at the same time we are seeing long waiting periods for new launches, which means people are no longer going for same old trusty brands and models and want more value for their money. Which gives me hopes that if Auto makers focus on launching more new models and more global launches they will surely find customers. 4. Promoting Hybrid vehicles or better fuel efficiency—To counter the problems of high fuel prices, it’s the need of the hour to develop higher fuel efficient products and also the products running on alternative fuel to decrease the ownership cost. For this concession on import duty on specified parts of hybrid vehicles are necessary. Stringent laws and strict exercise to eliminate spurious auto-spare part business. 5. Ensuring easy loan availability–The industry should also approach the banks and NBFCs for better and easier loan availability to the car buyers. 100% finance and lower EMI with longer loan tenure will definitely help.

How Behavioral Economics Theory And The Neoclassical Model...

Do some Social welfare programs perversely harm in the long run to the very people it is intended to help? In the United States, Social welfare or Welfare system is a way the Federal Government, and state governments provide assistance to individuals and families through programs such as health care, food stamps, unemployment compensation, housing assistance and child care assistance. Social programs are a broad collection of many programs, with corresponding mandates and complicated matters; it has poorly managed rules about eligibility, benefit level and subject to fraud, abuse and rising expenditure and moral hazard. From economist point of view, many scholars agreed welfare expenditure is one of the causes of the increasing debt in the nation’s budget deficit. Although it is not very significant if compared other programs, like Defense, which is about 18% of the 2014 GDP. The goal of this paper is to examine how Behavioral Economics Theory and the Neoclassical Model of La bor Supply undermine some of Welfare programs, since their negative effect greater than the positive effect, and this could get worst in the long run. It is argued that the size or transfer programs are responsible for a decline an economic performance, and economic growth directly or indirectly, since poor people who are mainly the workforce are more irrational and inclined to make bad choices. This applies especially to social transfer expenditure like social security, social assistance, andShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesilluminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of other ideas, recognizing their intellectual strengths and capabilities rather than making artificial distinctions between what is acceptable and what is not. He also has contributed widely to the accounting literature, taking forward the British traditio n of economic theorizing in financial accounting as well as being a constant source of creative thinking